Artificial intelligence is reshaping governance, society, and the democratic process by introducing opportunities for innovation and efficiency but also significant challenges to the protection of fundamental rights, the rule of law, and democratic principles. As governments and private entities increasingly adopt AI-driven solutions, issues such as algorithmic transparency, accountability, and power imbalances come to the forefront, demanding a robust and adaptive legal framework.
This project will explore how AI systems impact democratic institutions, the rule of law, and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, particularly within the context of European Union governance. The research will focus on the evolving interplay between technological innovation and legal safeguards, aiming to address questions of accountability, inclusivity, and the balance between innovation and fundamental rights. AI influences the rule of law by automating decision-making processes that may lack transparency and accountability, potentially undermining legal certainty and procedural fairness, while its role in democracy is evident in shaping public opinion through algorithmic personalization, which can amplify biases, spread disinformation, and disrupt equitable access to information.
The dissertation shall contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how AI systems pose an opportunity or challenge for the protection of democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights and freedoms. The topic includes many research challenges and areas including:
- Rule of law and protection of democracy and challenges presented by AI systems
- Fundamental rights and freedoms considerations in the context of AI systems
- Impact of AI on democratic processes
- AI and rule of law in the context of legal standards and regulatory oversight in preventing the erosion of due process and legal predictability
- AI in Public Administration and Governance
- Tackling the spread of disinformation through the regulation of AI systems
Supervising team
Matúš Mesarčík
Ethics and Law Specialist
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare, offering immense potential for diagnosis, treatment, and personalized medicine. However, the European Union (EU) faces a complex web of legal requirements aimed at ensuring patient safety, privacy, and ethical use of AI in this sensitive domain. Furthermore, specific legal requirements for AI systems in general are not the same as requirements for medical devices according to the sector-specific regulation.
The dissertation shall delve into the intricate legal landscape surrounding AI-powered healthcare systems in the EU. It may analyze the interplay between the recently adopted EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) with its risk-based approach and sector-specific healthcare directives addressing medical device safety and ethical considerations. The topic includes many research challenges and areas including:
- Identifying potential conflicts and redundancies between the AI Act and existing regulations
- Ensuring sufficient and appropriate level of human oversight AI systems in healthcare
- Development of an integrated approach for alignment with the EU AI Act and medical device regulations
- Ensuring sufficient and appropriate level of transparency in using AI systems in healthcare
- Examining legal measures to ensure fairness and non-discrimination in AI algorithms used for diagnosis, treatment decisions, and resource allocation
- Defining legal frameworks for assigning responsibility for potential harms caused by AI systems in healthcare settings
Supervising team
Matúš Mesarčík
Ethics and Law Specialist