{"id":32998,"date":"2024-08-06T12:04:24","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T10:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/the-ai-act-chronicles-scope-watch\/"},"modified":"2025-06-27T11:15:17","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T09:15:17","slug":"kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Kroniky Aktu o umelej inteligencii: Pozor na rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom blogu sme sa venovali z\u00e1kladom Aktu E\u00da o umelej inteligencii (AIA, Nariadenie). Predstavili sme my\u0161lienky, ktor\u00e9 za n\u00edm stoja, na\u010dasovanie implement\u00e1cie a to kto bude zodpovedn\u00fd za doh\u013ead nad jeho v\u00fdkonom. V tomto a nasleduj\u00facich blogoch u\u017e ale prejdeme ku konkr\u00e9tnym \u010dastiam a postupne si ich predstav\u00edme. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Tento blog sa konkr\u00e9tne zaober\u00e1 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm aspektom Aktu o umelej inteligencii, a to jeho rozsahom p\u00f4sobnosti. Rozoberieme si, ak\u00e9 druhy syst\u00e9mov umelej inteligencie spadaj\u00fa pod Nariadenie (pozit\u00edvna p\u00f4sobnos\u0165) a ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vy\u0148at\u00e9 (negat\u00edvna p\u00f4sobnos\u0165). Pozrieme sa aj na defin\u00edcie niektor\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch akt\u00e9rov v oblasti AI, ktor\u00ed sa bud\u00fa zodpoveda\u0165 pod\u013ea ustanoven\u00ed Nariadenia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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D\u00fafame, \u017ee na konci tohto blogu budete ma\u0165 jasnej\u0161iu predstavu o tom, ktor\u00e9 syst\u00e9my AI musia sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 po\u017eiadavky z\u00e1kona a kto s\u00fa akt\u00e9ri, ktor\u00ed nes\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za zabezpe\u010denie tohto s\u00faladu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pokia\u013e hovor\u00edme o rozsahu p\u00f4sobnosti Aktu o umelej inteligencii, je v prvom rade d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pozrie\u0165 sa na defin\u00edciu syst\u00e9mu umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00fa zaviedlo Nariadenie v \u010dl\u00e1nku 3. T\u00e1 bola takmer doslovne prevzat\u00e1 z defin\u00edcie uvedenej v odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed Rady OECD o umelej inteligencii a znie nasledovne: „Syst\u00e9m AI je strojov\u00fd syst\u00e9m dizajnovan\u00fd na prev\u00e1dzku s r\u00f4znymi \u00farov\u0148ami samostatnosti, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee po nasaden\u00ed prejavova\u0165 adaptabilitu a ktor\u00fd pre explicitn\u00e9 alebo implicitn\u00e9 ciele odvodzuje zo vstupov, ktor\u00e9 dost\u00e1va, sp\u00f4sob generovania v\u00fdstupov, ako s\u00fa predpovede, obsah, odpor\u00fa\u010dania alebo rozhodnutia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 fyzick\u00e9 alebo virtu\u00e1lne prostredie“. Hoci v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti neexistuje zo strany regula\u010dn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov \u017eiadne bli\u017e\u0161ie vysvetlenie toho \u010do presne znamenaj\u00fa pojmy ako „samostatnos\u0165“ alebo „explicitn\u00e9“ a „implicitn\u00e9“ ciele, OECD zverejnila vysvet\u013euj\u00face memorandum, ktor\u00e9 obsahuje d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 usmernenia, ako ich interpretova\u0165. T\u00e1to defin\u00edcia je tie\u017e s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou vecnej p\u00f4sobnosti<\/strong> z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti Nariadenia sa nach\u00e1dza v \u010dl\u00e1nku 2. Tam je tie\u017e uveden\u00fd zoznam os\u00f4b, ktor\u00fdm \u010falej text Nariadenia uklad\u00e1 ist\u00e9 povinnosti alebo ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa Nariaden\u00edm inak dotknut\u00e9, \u010do predstavuje osobn\u00fa p\u00f4sobnos\u0165<\/strong> AIA. Medzi tieto osoby patria: <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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  • Poskytovatelia syst\u00e9mov AI a subjekty nasadzuj\u00face syst\u00e9my AI so s\u00eddlom v E\u00da (vr\u00e1tane in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, org\u00e1nov, \u00faradov a agent\u00far E\u00da), ale aj mimo E\u00da,\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
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  • dovozcovia a distrib\u00fatori syst\u00e9mov AI,\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
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  • v\u00fdrobcovia v\u00fdrobkov, ktor\u00ed uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na trh alebo do prev\u00e1dzky syst\u00e9m AI spolu so svoj\u00edm v\u00fdrobkom,<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
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  • splnomocnen\u00ed z\u00e1stupcovia poskytovate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa s\u00eddlo v E\u00da, a<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
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  • dotknut\u00e9 osoby nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa v E\u00da.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/div><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n
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    V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina povinnost\u00ed v Nariaden\u00ed je v\u0161ak predp\u00edsan\u00e1 poskytovate\u013eom a nasadzuj\u00facim subjektom, preto je \u010falej vhodn\u00e9 uvies\u0165 ich defin\u00edcie. Poskytovate\u013e je fyzick\u00e1 alebo pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba, org\u00e1n verejnej moci, agent\u00fara alebo in\u00fd subjekt, ktor\u00fd vyv\u00edja alebo si d\u00e1va vyvin\u00fa\u0165 syst\u00e9m AI alebo model AI na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a uv\u00e1dza ho na trh alebo uv\u00e1dza syst\u00e9m AI do prev\u00e1dzky pod svoj\u00edm vlastn\u00fdm menom alebo ochrannou zn\u00e1mkou, \u010di u\u017e za odplatu alebo bezodplatne. Na druhej strane nasadzuj\u00faci subjekt je osoba alebo ak\u00fdko\u013evek verejn\u00fd org\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva syst\u00e9m AI v r\u00e1mci svojej pr\u00e1vomoci, okrem pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f syst\u00e9m AI pou\u017e\u00edva v r\u00e1mci osobnej neprofesion\u00e1lnej \u010dinnosti, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nie je vlastn\u00edkom syst\u00e9mu AI a syst\u00e9m AI, ktor\u00fd u\u017e vyvinul a uviedol na trh niekto in\u00fd na profesion\u00e1lne \u00fa\u010dely len pou\u017e\u00edva.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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    \u00dazemn\u00e1 p\u00f4sobnos\u0165<\/strong> Nariadenia sa vz\u0165ahuje na syst\u00e9my AI a modely AI na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely uveden\u00e9 na trh E\u00da subjektmi usaden\u00fdmi v E\u00da aj mimo E\u00da a tie\u017e na syst\u00e9my AI, ktor\u00fdch poskytovatelia alebo nasadzovatelia s\u00fa usaden\u00ed v tretej krajine, ale v\u00fdstupy ich syst\u00e9mu sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v E\u00da. Na lep\u0161ie pochopenie posledn\u00e9ho pr\u00edpadu si predstavte situ\u00e1ciu, ke\u010f nemocnica v Berl\u00edne uzavrie zmluvu s indick\u00fdm med-tech startupom, ktor\u00fdch syst\u00e9m analyzuje RTG sn\u00edmky pomocou AI, spracuje ich a poskytne diagnostick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1sledne za\u0161le sp\u00e4\u0165 do nemocnice. V tomto scen\u00e1ri indick\u00fd syst\u00e9m umelej inteligencie sprac\u00fava \u00fadaje E\u00da a poskytuje v\u00fdsledky subjektu E\u00da, ale nie je uveden\u00fd na trhu E\u00da ani uveden\u00fd do prev\u00e1dzky v E\u00da. Nariadenie sa v\u0161ak aj v tejto situ\u00e1cii st\u00e1le uplat\u0148uje, \u010do predpoklad\u00e1 aj recit\u00e1l 22. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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    Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di je poskytovate\u013e alebo nasadzuj\u00faci subjekt z E\u00da, USA alebo z Austr\u00e1lie, pokia\u013e je syst\u00e9m AI uveden\u00fd na trh v E\u00da alebo jeho v\u00fdstupy ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa osoby nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa v E\u00da, AIA sa bude na tento syst\u00e9m uplat\u0148ova\u0165. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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    Ako u\u017e bolo uveden\u00e9, v Nariaden\u00ed sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky z jeho uplat\u0148ovania. Tu je stru\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead toho, na \u010do sa v\u00fdnimka vz\u0165ahuje:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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      \n
    • Vojensk\u00e9 alebo obrann\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely <\/strong>(od\u00f4vodnenie 24): Syst\u00e9my AI vyvinut\u00e9 a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00fdlu\u010dne na vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, \u00fa\u010dely obrany alebo n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti s\u00fa vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 z rozsahu p\u00f4sobnosti bez oh\u013eadu na subjekt, ktor\u00fd ich pou\u017e\u00edva. T\u00e1to v\u00fdnimka je od\u00f4vodnen\u00e1 jednak t\u00fdm, \u017ee n\u00e1rodn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 zost\u00e1va vo v\u00fdlu\u010dnej zodpovednosti \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, a taktie\u017e osobitnou povahou a opera\u010dn\u00fdmi potrebami \u010dinnost\u00ed v oblasti n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti a osobitn\u00fdmi vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnymi pravidlami, ktor\u00e9 sa na tieto \u010dinnosti vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
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    • Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca<\/strong> (od\u00f4vodnenie 22): Akt sa nevz\u0165ahuje na org\u00e1ny verejnej moci tret\u00edch kraj\u00edn alebo medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 konaj\u00fa v r\u00e1mci spolupr\u00e1ce v oblasti presadzovania pr\u00e1va a justi\u010dnej spolupr\u00e1ce s E\u00da alebo jej \u010dlensk\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi za predpokladu, \u017ee poskytuj\u00fa primeran\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky ochrany z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d a spolupr\u00e1ca bola nadviazan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
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    • Vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj <\/strong>(od\u00f4vodnenie 25): S cie\u013eom podpori\u0165 inov\u00e1cie a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 slobodu vedy, ktor\u00fa zaru\u010duje E\u00da, je z rozsahu p\u00f4sobnosti vy\u0148at\u00e1 aj AI vyvinut\u00e1 v\u00fdlu\u010dne na vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj. Ak\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd syst\u00e9m AI, ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na vykon\u00e1vanie inej v\u00fdskumnej a v\u00fdvojovej \u010dinnosti by mal na\u010falej podlieha\u0165 ustanoveniam Nariadenia.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n
    • Osobn\u00e9 (neprofesion\u00e1lne) pou\u017eitie<\/strong>: Syst\u00e9my AI pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 fyzick\u00fdmi osobami na \u010disto osobn\u00e9 neprofesion\u00e1lne \u010dinnosti s\u00fa tie\u017e vy\u0148at\u00e9 z p\u00f4sobnosti Nariadenia.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n
    • V\u00fdvoj pred uveden\u00edm na trh <\/strong>(od\u00f4vodnenie 25): Ustanovenia Nariadenia (okrem ustanoven\u00ed o regulovan\u00fdch experiment\u00e1lnych prostrediach a testovan\u00ed v re\u00e1lnych podmienkach) sa nevz\u0165ahuj\u00fa ani na v\u00fdskum, testovanie a v\u00fdvoj v\u00fdrobkov v oblasti syst\u00e9mov alebo modelov AI pred ich uveden\u00edm na trh \u010di do prev\u00e1dzky.<\/li>\n<\/div><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n

      Bezplatn\u00e9 licencie s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom<\/strong> (od\u00f4vodnenia 89, 102 a 103): Syst\u00e9my a modely AI spr\u00edstupnen\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade bezplatnej licencie s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom s\u00fa z p\u00f4sobnosti Nariadenia vy\u0148at\u00e9 z d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu prispie\u0165 k slobodn\u00e9mu v\u00fdskumu a inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m na trhu a m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na rast hospod\u00e1rstva \u00danie (po\u017eiadavky transparentnosti sa na ne v\u0161ak st\u00e1le uplat\u0148uj\u00fa). T\u00e1to v\u00fdnimka sa nevz\u0165ahuje na syst\u00e9my AI, ktor\u00e9 patria medzi zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 praktiky alebo sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za vysoko rizikov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      V na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom blogu sme sa venovali z\u00e1kladom Aktu E\u00da o umelej inteligencii (AIA, Nariadenie). Predstavili sme my\u0161lienky, ktor\u00e9 za n\u00edm stoja, na\u010dasovanie implement\u00e1cie a to kto bude zodpovedn\u00fd za…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":33009,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,88,442],"tags":[392,521],"class_list":["post-32998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-sk","category-pop-science-sk","category-2024-sk","tag-ethics-sk","tag-aiact-blog-2-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKroniky Aktu o umelej inteligencii: Pozor na rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti - KInIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom blogu sme sa venovali z\u00e1kladom Aktu E\u00da o umelej inteligencii (AIA, Nariadenie). Predstavili sme my\u0161lienky, ktor\u00e9 za n\u00edm stoja, na\u010dasovanie implement\u00e1cie a to kto bude zodpovedn\u00fd za doh\u013ead nad jeho v\u00fdkonom. V tomto a nasleduj\u00facich blogoch u\u017e ale prejdeme ku konkr\u00e9tnym \u010dastiam a postupne si ich predstav\u00edme.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kroniky Aktu o umelej inteligencii: Pozor na rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti - KInIT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom blogu sme sa venovali z\u00e1kladom Aktu E\u00da o umelej inteligencii (AIA, Nariadenie). 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V tomto a nasleduj\u00facich blogoch u\u017e ale prejdeme ku konkr\u00e9tnym \u010dastiam a postupne si ich predstav\u00edme.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KInIT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-06T10:04:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-27T09:15:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/202407_aia_feature_2-sk.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1201\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"629\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marianna Palkova\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@kinit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@kinit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marianna Palkova\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marianna Palkova\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8b175aaaf3267b5bbbbb97e4a6db8cea\"},\"headline\":\"Kroniky Aktu o umelej inteligencii: Pozor na rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-06T10:04:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-27T09:15:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1317,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/202407_aia_feature_2-sk.png\",\"keywords\":[\"ethics\",\"AI Act blog\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Pop science\",\"2024\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kroniky Aktu o umelej inteligencii: Pozor na rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti - KInIT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/kronika-aktu-o-umelej-inteligencii-pozor-na-rozsah-posobnosti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/202407_aia_feature_2-sk.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-06T10:04:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-27T09:15:17+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8b175aaaf3267b5bbbbb97e4a6db8cea\"},\"description\":\"V na\u0161om predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom blogu sme sa venovali z\u00e1kladom Aktu E\u00da o umelej inteligencii (AIA, Nariadenie). 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