{"id":31766,"date":"2024-03-21T14:33:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T13:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/cedmo-brief-three-quarters-of-slovaks-perceive-the-spread-of-disinformation-as-a-threat-to-the-security-of-slovakia\/"},"modified":"2024-03-21T14:40:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T13:40:14","slug":"prieskum-cedmo-tri-stvrtiny-sloveniek-a-slovakov-vnimaju-sirenie-dezinformacii-ako-hrozbu-pre-bezpecnost-slovenska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/prieskum-cedmo-tri-stvrtiny-sloveniek-a-slovakov-vnimaju-sirenie-dezinformacii-ako-hrozbu-pre-bezpecnost-slovenska\/","title":{"rendered":"Prieskum CEDMO: Tri \u0161tvrtiny Sloveniek a Slov\u00e1kov vn\u00edmaj\u00fa \u0161\u00edrenie dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed ako hrozbu pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 Slovenska"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ned\u00e1vny prieskum <\/strong>CEDMO<\/strong><\/a> odhalil zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 poznatky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa \u0161\u00edrenia dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed na Slovensku. \u0160peci\u00e1lna ed\u00edcia tohto prieskumu, venovan\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm bl\u00ed\u017eiacim sa prezidentsk\u00fdm vo\u013eb\u00e1m, sa zamerala na identifik\u00e1ciu naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch narat\u00edvov v online prostred\u00ed. Realizovala ju v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 agent\u00fara Ipsos v spolupr\u00e1ci s projektom <\/strong>CEDMO<\/strong><\/a>, ktor\u00e9ho je KInIT partnerom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pod\u013ea prieskumu vn\u00edma \u0161\u00edrenie dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed na internete ako v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m 77 % slovenskej popul\u00e1cie, \u010do je najvy\u0161\u0161ia hodnota z doteraj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledkov longitudin\u00e1lneho prieskumu CEDMO Trends<\/a>, ktor\u00fd sa realizuje od augusta 2023. Rovnako nar\u00e1stol po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00fa dezinform\u00e1cie za hrozbu pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 Slovenska (76 %). Vystaven\u00fdmi dezinform\u00e1ciam sa c\u00edti by\u0165 39 % popul\u00e1cie. Ak\u00e9 narat\u00edvy sa na Slovensku najviac \u0161\u00edrili vo febru\u00e1ri, v mesiaci, ktor\u00fd predch\u00e1dzal prezidentsk\u00fdm vo\u013eb\u00e1m? Ko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed im d\u00f4veruje? A ak\u00e9 s\u00fa o\u010dak\u00e1vania obyvate\u013eov v s\u00favislosti s vo\u013ebou novej hlavy \u0161t\u00e1tu? Na tieto ot\u00e1zky odpovedaj\u00fa zistenia tematickej spr\u00e1vy o prezidentsk\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch<\/a> na Slovensku. Okrem \u00fadajov zo spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho prieskumu obsahuje aj fakty zaznamenan\u00e9 fact-checkermi projektu CEDMO<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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U\u017e v decembri 2023 sa v slovenskom online priestore dostala do popredia t\u00e9ma nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich prezidentsk\u00fdch volieb. T\u00e9ma vojny na Ukrajine, ktor\u00e1 dlhodobo vedie z h\u013eadiska frekvencie v\u00fdskytu medzi dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdmi narat\u00edvmi, bola aktu\u00e1lna najm\u00e4 v s\u00favislosti s volebnou kampa\u0148ou a p\u00f4soben\u00edm novej vl\u00e1dy Roberta Fica. Viac ako tretina \u013eud\u00ed na Slovensku sa napr\u00edklad domnieva, \u017ee vojna prebieha len na v\u00fdchode Ukrajiny, a nie v Kyjeve (36 %). Takmer tri p\u00e4tiny obyvate\u013eov a obyvateliek (58 %) zaznamenali t\u00fato nepravdiv\u00fa spr\u00e1vu po\u010das febru\u00e1ra. Rovnak\u00fd podiel respondentov a respondentiek (36 %) ver\u00ed aj dezinform\u00e1cii, \u017ee prezidentsk\u00fd kandid\u00e1t Ivan Kor\u010dok je diplomat s americk\u00fdm pasom a pred rokom 1989 don\u00e1\u0161al na svojich spolu\u017eiakov ako spolupracovn\u00edk \u0160tB. \u00dastav pam\u00e4ti n\u00e1roda aj Arch\u00edv bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek vyvr\u00e1tili<\/a> pravos\u0165 dokumentov, o \u010dom informovali agent\u00fary AFP<\/a> a Demagog.sk<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Prezidentsk\u00e9 vo\u013eby<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Viac ako \u0161tvrtina \u013eud\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee s nov\u00fdm prezidentom sa mno\u017estvo \u0161\u00edren\u00fdch dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017ei. Viac ako dve p\u00e4tiny Sloveniek a Slov\u00e1kov vn\u00edmaj\u00fa pokusy o ovplyv\u0148ovanie volieb zo strany cudz\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1tov ako ve\u013ek\u00fd probl\u00e9m, tretina ich v\u0161ak za probl\u00e9m nepova\u017euje. Podobne ako pred parlamentn\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami na jese\u0148 2023 sa dve p\u00e4tiny slovenskej popul\u00e1cie domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00face prezidentsk\u00e9 vo\u013eby bud\u00fa pravdepodobne ovplyvnen\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou (42 %) alebo USA (42 %). Najmenej pravdepodobn\u00fd je vplyv \u010ceskej republiky (17 %) a \u010c\u00edny (14 %), zatia\u013e \u010do vplyv Ruska a NATO o\u010dak\u00e1va 32 % respondentov a respondentiek. Pravdepodobnos\u0165 vplyvu Ma\u010farska sa pohybuje na \u00farovni 21 %. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Tretina \u013eud\u00ed vyjadrila presved\u010denie, \u017ee po prezidentsk\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch sa zv\u00fd\u0161i bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 ob\u010danov a ob\u010dianok v krajine. Za najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie faktory v\u00fdberu prezidenta respondenti a respondentky ozna\u010dili \u010destnos\u0165 a mor\u00e1lku kandid\u00e1ta, konkr\u00e9tne navrhovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enia z programu alebo snahu o zmenu politiky. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pod\u013ea slovenskej popul\u00e1cie je prezidentka Zuzana \u010caputov\u00e1 v aktu\u00e1lnej volebnej kampani podstatne nestrannej\u0161ia ako po\u010das jesennej kampane v s\u00favislosti s parlamentn\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami. V porovnan\u00ed s meran\u00edm z okt\u00f3bra 2023 si to mysl\u00ed o 15 % viac Sloveniek a Slov\u00e1kov. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tie\u017e o 14 % menej \u013eud\u00ed deklarovalo, \u017ee \u010caputov\u00e1 podporuje kandid\u00e1tov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa jej bl\u00edzki, t\u00fato skuto\u010dnos\u0165 uviedla viac ako tretina op\u00fdtan\u00fdch. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina slovenskej popul\u00e1cie si nemysl\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky prezidentsk\u00fdch volieb nie\u010do zmenia. Viac ako tretina \u013eud\u00ed ver\u00ed, \u017ee vo\u013eby zlep\u0161ia ekonomiku krajiny a p\u00e4tina o\u010dak\u00e1va n\u00e1rast pr\u00edjmov. Pod\u013ea tretiny respondentov a respondentiek v\u00fdsledky volieb poved\u00fa k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu korupcie v krajine. \u010ealej si 43 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch mysl\u00ed, \u017ee d\u00f4jde k posilneniu demokracie. Naopak, v ot\u00e1zke podpory Ukrajiny sa n\u00e1zory popul\u00e1cie rozch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa – 22 % si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee podpora bude pokra\u010dova\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do 27 % predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee sa t\u00e1to podpora zastav\u00ed. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 51 % sa domnieva, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky prezidentsk\u00fdch volieb (alebo osobnos\u0165 nov\u00e9ho prezidenta) nebud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u017eiaden vplyv na podporu Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Hlavn\u00e9 dezinforma\u010dn\u00e9 narat\u00edvy<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Od novembra 2023 sa v slovensk\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch konaj\u00fa protivl\u00e1dne protesty. Na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach koluje falo\u0161n\u00e9 video<\/a>, na ktorom \u013eudia skanduj\u00fa prorusk\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 pred ve\u013evyslanectvom USA v Bratislave. Pod\u013ea popisu mal by\u0165 z\u00e1znam z febru\u00e1ra 2024 a m\u00e9di\u00e1 o situ\u00e1cii neinformovali. V skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161ak i\u0161lo o video z marca 2023, ke\u010f sa v Bratislave konalo nieko\u013eko demon\u0161tr\u00e1ci\u00ed za mier na Ukrajine a na podporu rokovan\u00ed s Ruskom. Na t\u00fdchto protestoch zaznievali prorusk\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a slovensk\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 o nich v tom \u010dase informovali.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V s\u00favislosti s vojnou na Ukrajine kolovali vo verejnom informa\u010dnom priestore aj \u00fadajn\u00e9 dokumenty<\/a>, pod\u013ea ktor\u00fdch sa Ukrajina dohodla s Alexandrom Sorosom, synom Georgea Sorosa, na prevode 400 hekt\u00e1rov p\u00f4dy. Tieto tvrdenia \u0161\u00edrili aj rusk\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 a ma\u010farsk\u00e1 provl\u00e1dna tla\u010dov\u00e1 agent\u00fara. Objavili sa aj dezinform\u00e1cie o \u00fadajnom majetku Volodymyra Zelensk\u00e9ho na Z\u00e1pade – tentoraz mal ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident k\u00fapi\u0165 vilu<\/a> v Berl\u00edne, kde kedysi b\u00fdval nacistick\u00fd minister propagandy Joseph Goebbels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u0160\u00edrenie falo\u0161n\u00fdch dokumentov sa dotklo aj slovensk\u00fdch politikov. Agent\u00fara AFP upozornila, \u017ee \u00fadajn\u00fd vodi\u010dsk\u00fd preukaz<\/a> b\u00fdval\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Igora Matovi\u010da s n\u00e1pisom „jazdi\u0165 len pod doh\u013eadom“ bol v skuto\u010dnosti vytvoren\u00fd ako satira. Z mno\u017estva zdie\u013ean\u00ed a koment\u00e1rov na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach v\u0161ak bolo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u013eudia verili, \u017ee ide o prav\u00fd dokument. Podobne sa stal vir\u00e1lnym aj falo\u0161n\u00fd americk\u00fd pas<\/a> prezidentsk\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta Ivana Kor\u010doka, ktor\u00fd bol vytvoren\u00fd pomocou umelej inteligencie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Po\u010das febru\u00e1ra, podobne ako v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich mesiacoch, sa Slovenky a Slov\u00e1ci stret\u00e1vali s dezinform\u00e1ciami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00faviseli\u00a0 s vojnou na Ukrajine a s vyhl\u00e1seniami r\u00f4znych politick\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je ve\u013emi aktu\u00e1lna t\u00e9ma tzv. deepfakes. V tejto s\u00favislosti bol slovensk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Robert Fico zneu\u017eit\u00fd vo videu<\/a> vytvorenom umelou inteligenciou. V tomto videu l\u00e1ka \u013eud\u00ed na fikt\u00edvnu investi\u010dn\u00fa platformu spolo\u010dnosti SPP a s\u013eubuje vysok\u00fd pas\u00edvny v\u00fdnos z invest\u00edcie. Falo\u0161n\u00e9 deepfake video bolo vytvoren\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade z\u00e1berov z Ficovho novoro\u010dn\u00e9ho prejavu. Webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka uveden\u00e1 vo videu je podvodn\u00e1 a sna\u017e\u00ed sa od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov z\u00edska\u0165 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 SPP sa od nej di\u0161tancovala. Deepfake video s Robertom Ficom videla viac ako p\u00e4tina Slov\u00e1kov (22 %). Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina popul\u00e1cie pova\u017euje video za falo\u0161n\u00e9 alebo neautentick\u00e9, len 7 % vyjadrilo opa\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zor.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Znalos\u0165 deepfake <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Takmer polovica Sloveniek a Slov\u00e1kov nevie, \u010do je to deepfake. Len necel\u00e9 dve p\u00e4tiny spr\u00e1vne uviedli, \u017ee ide o zdanlivo re\u00e1lny, umelo vytvoren\u00fd obr\u00e1zok, video alebo zvuk nie\u010doho, \u010do sa nezaklad\u00e1 na pravde. \u0160tyria z desiatich op\u00fdtan\u00fdch deklarovali, \u017ee sa v posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch stretli s deepfake obsahom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"\"
Graf: Do akej miery s\u00fahlas\u00edte alebo nes\u00fahlas\u00edte s nasleduj\u00facimi tvrdeniami v s\u00favislosti s videami vytvoren\u00fdmi umelou inteligenciou? „V posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch som sa ako pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e stretol s deepfake (t. j. falo\u0161n\u00fdmi videami generovan\u00fdmi umelou inteligenciou).\u00a0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina respondentov a respondentiek s\u00fahlas\u00ed s t\u00fdm, \u017ee prev\u00e1dzkovatelia soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed by mali odstra\u0148ova\u0165 deepfake obsah. Rovnako tie\u017e s\u00fahlasia, \u017ee deepfakes z\u00e1sadne zv\u00fd\u0161ia v\u00fdskyt dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Viac ako tri \u0161tvrtiny sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudia prestan\u00fa d\u00f4verova\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fdm vide\u00e1m. Pod\u013ea dvoch tret\u00edn bud\u00fa deepfake vide\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 politick\u00e9 strany na o\u010dier\u0148ovanie svojich politick\u00fdch konkurentov.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Re\u0165azov\u00e9 e-maily<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Po\u010das obdobia prieskumu (od augusta 2023) sa ukazuje klesaj\u00faci trend frekvencie re\u0165azov\u00fdch e-mailov. Zatia\u013e \u010do v auguste 2023 dost\u00e1valo re\u0165azov\u00e9 e-maily aspo\u0148 raz t\u00fd\u017edenne 55 % popul\u00e1cie, vo febru\u00e1ri 2024 sa podiel tejto skupiny \u013eud\u00ed v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie zn\u00ed\u017eil na 38 %. Takmer dve tretiny (62 %) op\u00fdtan\u00fdch deklarovali, \u017ee za posledn\u00fd mesiac nedostali ani jednu tak\u00fato spr\u00e1vu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vny prieskum CEDMO odhalil zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 poznatky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa \u0161\u00edrenia dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed na Slovensku. \u0160peci\u00e1lna ed\u00edcia tohto prieskumu, venovan\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm bl\u00ed\u017eiacim sa prezidentsk\u00fdm vo\u013eb\u00e1m, sa zamerala na identifik\u00e1ciu naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch narat\u00edvov v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":31763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,442],"tags":[104,111],"class_list":["post-31766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-sk","category-2024-sk","tag-cedmo-sk","tag-disinformation-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPrieskum CEDMO: Tri \u0161tvrtiny Sloveniek a Slov\u00e1kov vn\u00edmaj\u00fa \u0161\u00edrenie dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed ako hrozbu pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 Slovenska - KInIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ned\u00e1vny prieskum CEDMO odhalil zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 poznatky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa \u0161\u00edrenia dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed na Slovensku. \u0160peci\u00e1lna ed\u00edcia tohto prieskumu, venovan\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm bl\u00ed\u017eiacim sa prezidentsk\u00fdm vo\u013eb\u00e1m, sa zamerala na identifik\u00e1ciu naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch narat\u00edvov v online prostred\u00ed. 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