{"id":30404,"date":"2023-12-20T11:57:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T10:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/why-is-the-internet-a-good-servant-and-a-bad-master\/"},"modified":"2023-12-20T14:29:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T13:29:47","slug":"preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do je internet dobr\u00fd sluha a zl\u00fd p\u00e1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rozvoj internetu<\/em> ako celosvetovej po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete a neskor\u0161\u00ed vznik webu <\/em>na zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, s\u00fa vyn\u00e1lezy azda podobnej d\u00f4le\u017eitosti ako bol vyn\u00e1lez kn\u00edhtla\u010de. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Obe tieto technol\u00f3gie z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prispeli k tomu, \u017ee poznatky a inform\u00e1cie m\u00e1me prakticky \u201cporuke\u201d. Nemus\u00edme zh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 knihy, dlho \u010daka\u0165 na ich dostupnos\u0165 v kni\u017enici \u010di pr\u00e1cne h\u013eada\u0165 inform\u00e1cie v nich. Dnes n\u00e1m sta\u010d\u00ed siahnu\u0165 do vrecka a vy\u0165uka\u0165 jednoduch\u00fd dopyt. Odb\u00farala sa tak obrovsk\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra v pr\u00edstupe k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Okrem toho n\u00e1m technol\u00f3gie umo\u017enili sp\u00e1ja\u0165 sa \u2013 s priate\u013emi, rodinou, ale aj cudzincami. Na\u0161e soci\u00e1lne siete sa stali virtu\u00e1lnymi. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa k technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1sadne menia na\u0161e \u017eivoty, za\u010dala zara\u010fova\u0165 aj umel\u00e1 inteligencia<\/em>. Pre\u010do a\u017e teraz? Je to najm\u00e4 v\u010faka neust\u00e1le rast\u00facej v\u00fdkonnosti (v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej sile) po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, teda ich hardv\u00e9rovej str\u00e1nky. Mno\u017estvo oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 dnes dok\u00e1\u017eeme na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di vykon\u00e1va\u0165, sa posunul na hranicu, kedy u\u017e dok\u00e1\u017eeme efekt\u00edvne vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 tzv. modely neur\u00f3nov\u00fdch siet\u00ed \u2013 srdce s\u00fa\u010dasnej umelej inteligencie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Umel\u00e1 inteligencia dnes e\u0161te st\u00e1le nie je tak\u00e1, ak\u00fa ju v\u00eddame vo filmoch. Nem\u00e1 \u013eudsk\u00fa podobu, nem\u00e1 ani vedomie (a e\u0161te nejak\u00fd \u010das ho ma\u0165 nebude). Jej aplik\u00e1cie n\u00e1s v\u0161ak takmer dennodenne udivuj\u00fa v tom, ak\u00e9 pokroky dok\u00e1\u017ee robi\u0165 a ak\u00e9 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my n\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha rie\u0161i\u0165. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Umel\u00e1 inteligencia, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v spojen\u00ed s internetom, n\u00e1m toho m\u00f4\u017ee ve\u013ea da\u0165, ale niekedy m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj trochu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby sme nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie vyu\u017e\u00edvali s rozumom a boli si vedom\u00ed riz\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s nimi spojen\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ale po\u010fme pekne poporiadku. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u010co je to umel\u00e1 inteligencia<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Umel\u00e1 inteligencia s\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 programy, ktor\u00e9 vznikli tzv. tr\u00e9novan\u00edm (u\u010den\u00edm) a vedia rie\u0161i\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u00falohy, teda spracov\u00e1va\u0165 tak\u00e9 vstupy, na ktor\u00e9 neboli \u0161peci\u00e1lne natr\u00e9novan\u00e9 (ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm nevideli). Tr\u00e9novanie (u\u010denie) je proces, kedy vytv\u00e1rame po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program (presnej\u0161ie: model), av\u0161ak nerob\u00edme to \u201cklasick\u00fdm\u201d programovan\u00edm, teda p\u00edsan\u00edm programov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, \u010do bol doteraz dominantn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob tvorby po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch programov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Model<\/em> je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010diastka umelej inteligencie. V podstate je to \u010dosi, \u010do dok\u00e1\u017eeme nie\u010do natr\u00e9nova\u0165 (nau\u010di\u0165). Ve\u013emi v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm modelom je dnes umel\u00e1 neur\u00f3nov\u00e1 sie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je in\u0161pirovan\u00e1 na\u0161im mozgom. Ten pozost\u00e1va z mili\u00e1rd neur\u00f3nov a bili\u00f3nov prepojen\u00ed medzi nimi. T\u00fato \u0161trukt\u00faru kop\u00edruje aj umel\u00e1 neur\u00f3nov\u00e1 sie\u0165, akur\u00e1t umel\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny nie s\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 bunky, ale jednoduch\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 funkcie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Umel\u00e1 neur\u00f3nov\u00e1 sie\u0165 je v podstate obrovsk\u00e1 sie\u0165 \u010d\u00edsel schopn\u00e1 zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si ve\u013emi ve\u013ea inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a rie\u0161i\u0165 (v\u0161eobecn\u00e9) \u00falohy, napr. odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku \u201cJe na zobrazenom obr\u00e1zku pes?\u201d alebo vies\u0165 konverz\u00e1ciu s pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom na takmer \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fa t\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ako funguje umel\u00e1 inteligencia?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\u017divotn\u00fd cyklus umelej inteligencie pozost\u00e1va z dvoch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed: u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho tr\u00e9novania<\/em> a samotnej prev\u00e1dzky<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Tr\u00e9novanie<\/em>, alebo tie\u017e u\u010denie umelej inteligencie (presnej\u0161ie: modelu umelej inteligencie) m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. Jedn\u00fdm z nich je, \u017ee modelu \u201cukazujeme\u201d r\u00f4zne pr\u00edklady \u00falohy, rie\u0161enie ktorej chceme model nau\u010di\u0165. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Zoberme si pr\u00edklad: Model chceme nau\u010di\u0165 rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165, \u010di je na obr\u00e1zku pes alebo nie. V procese tr\u00e9novania mu preto uk\u00e1\u017eeme stovky, ba a\u017e tis\u00edce obr\u00e1zkov, kde pes je. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mu uk\u00e1\u017eeme \u010fal\u0161ie tis\u00edce obr\u00e1zkov, kde je nejak\u00fd tvor alebo objekt, ktor\u00fd psom nie je. \u010c\u00edm viac pr\u00edkladov \u2013 pozit\u00edvnych aj negat\u00edvnych \u2013 m\u00e1me, t\u00fdm lep\u0161\u00ed model dok\u00e1\u017eeme natr\u00e9nova\u0165. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Model si v procese tr\u00e9novania upravuje svoju vn\u00fatorn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, teda tie miliardy \u010d\u00edsel, aby dok\u00e1zal spr\u00e1vne odpoveda\u0165. Presn\u00fd mechanizmus u\u010denia je dan\u00fd typom (alebo architekt\u00farou) neur\u00f3novej siete, ktor\u00e1 je na t\u00fa-ktor\u00fa \u00falohu ur\u010den\u00e1. Pozn\u00e1me mnoho typov aj architekt\u00far, ale o t\u00fdch mo\u017eno niekedy inokedy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Prev\u00e1dzka <\/em>umelej inteligencie je pou\u017e\u00edvanie natr\u00e9novan\u00e9ho modelu. V na\u0161om pr\u00edklade: modelu uk\u00e1\u017eeme nov\u00fd obr\u00e1zok (ktor\u00fd predt\u00fdm e\u0161te nevidel) a model \u2013 na z\u00e1klade svojej vn\u00fatornej \u010d\u00edselnej \u0161trukt\u00fary \u2013 odvod\u00ed, \u010di ide alebo nejde o psa. Niekedy to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 poriadne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faloha.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Umel\u00e1 inteligencia pracuj\u00faca s obr\u00e1zkami je ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 v medic\u00edne, napr. pri detekcii ochoren\u00ed na lek\u00e1rskych sn\u00edmkach, alebo v doprave, napr. pri detekcii objektov pre auton\u00f3mne vozidl\u00e1 (tie, \u010do jazdia bez \u0161of\u00e9ra).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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In\u00fdm pr\u00edpadom pou\u017eitia umelej inteligencie je pr\u00e1ca s textom. Vezmime si napr\u00edklad tak\u00fd filter nevy\u017eiadanej po\u0161ty (spam filter) vo va\u0161ej emailovej aplik\u00e1cii, ktor\u00fd usilovne deteguje, \u010di prijat\u00e1 po\u0161ta poch\u00e1dza od hodnovern\u00e9ho zdroja alebo ide o nechcen\u00fd \u010di dokonca \u0161kodliv\u00fd obsah. E\u0161te lep\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom umelej inteligencie pracuj\u00facej s textom s\u00fa inteligentn\u00e9 \u010detboty, ako napr. dnes ve\u013emi zn\u00e1my ChatGPT. Ich z\u00e1kladom s\u00fa tzv. ve\u013ek\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9<\/em> modely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ve\u013ek\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 modely s\u00fa, podobne ako modely na spracovanie obr\u00e1zkov, modely umel\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov\u00fdch siet\u00ed. Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd je proces ich tr\u00e9novania: Pr\u00edklady, ktor\u00e9 tak\u00e9muto modelu ukazujeme, s\u00fa vlastne len vety. Miliardy viet. Op\u00e4\u0165 plat\u00ed: \u010d\u00edm viac, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. Modelu ich v\u0161ak ukazujeme postupne tak, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 slov\u00e1 z t\u00fdch viet schov\u00e1me a tr\u00e9nujeme ho na to, aby tie vynechan\u00e9 slov\u00e1 uh\u00e1dol. Model si, pomocou t\u00fdch mili\u00e1rd \u010d\u00edsel, \u010do m\u00e1 v sebe, zak\u00f3duje postupnosti slov tak, \u017ee ich vie generova\u0165 v zmysluplnom porad\u00ed. A preto potom v prev\u00e1dzke do vety \u201cCez Bratislavu te\u010die ____\u201d nedopln\u00ed slovo \u201cmedve\u010f\u201d alebo \u201cvysved\u010denie\u201d, ale slov\u00e1 ako \u201crieka\u201d alebo \u201cDunaj\u201d. To preto, lebo tie sa omnoho viac podobaj\u00fa na to, \u010do videl v pr\u00edkladoch, z ktor\u00fdch sa u\u010dil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Fungovanie umelej inteligencie je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na \u0161tatistike. Modely umelej inteligencie pon\u00fakaj\u00fa na svojom v\u00fdstupe v\u017edy nie nutne spr\u00e1vnu, ale najpravdepodobnej\u0161iu mo\u017enos\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Jeden u\u017e trochu star\u0161\u00ed, ale zato r\u00fddzo slovensk\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd jazykov\u00fd model si m\u00f4\u017eete vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 aj tu: https:\/\/slovakbert.kinit.sk\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Okrem spracovania obr\u00e1zkov \u010di textu m\u00f4\u017eeme umel\u00fa inteligenciu vyu\u017ei\u0165 aj pri spracovan\u00ed \u010fal\u0161\u00edch typov d\u00e1t. S ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u00faspechom sa pou\u017e\u00edva napr. pri odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed produktov, slu\u017eieb, filmov \u010di obsahu na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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A tu sa dost\u00e1vame k m\u00e1lo uvedomel\u00e9mu vz\u0165ahu internetu a umelej inteligencie. Ich spojen\u00edm vznik\u00e1 super-technol\u00f3gia, ve\u013emi \u013eahko \u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00e1 a ve\u013emi v\u00fdkonn\u00e1. Preto na n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 prekvapivo ve\u013ek\u00fd vplyv. Ten m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 na jednej strane pozit\u00edvny, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 v\u0161ak aj tienist\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na tri pr\u00edpady spojenia umelej inteligencie a internetu, a niektor\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00fdm by sme mali venova\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Odpor\u00fa\u010da\u010de <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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V\u0161etci dobre pozn\u00e1me soci\u00e1lne siete ako Facebook, TikTok \u010di YouTube. M\u00e1me ich radi, preto\u017ee n\u00e1m vedia r\u00fdchlo pon\u00faknu\u0165 pre n\u00e1s zauj\u00edmav\u00fd obsah, bez ve\u013ekej n\u00e1mahy. Ich jadrom s\u00fa odpor\u00fa\u010da\u010de obsahu, alebo tzv. odpor\u00fa\u010dacie syst\u00e9my. Aby vedeli vybra\u0165 spr\u00e1vny obsah, sleduj\u00fa na\u0161e spr\u00e1vanie aj aktivitu na\u0161ich priate\u013eov. Vedia, \u010do sa n\u00e1m p\u00e1\u010di a \u010do nie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead to vyzer\u00e1 v poriadku. Treba si v\u0161ak uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 soci\u00e1lna sie\u0165 je komer\u010dn\u00fd produkt, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je zarobi\u0165. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u00e1robkov\u00e9 modely s\u00fa nastaven\u00e9 tak, \u017ee zar\u00e1baj\u00fa vtedy, ke\u010f ich my, pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, pou\u017e\u00edvame \u010do najviac. Vtedy n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu pon\u00faknu\u0165 viac reklamy a platen\u00e9ho obsahu. Odpor\u00fa\u010da\u010de na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach n\u00e1m vyberaj\u00fa \u2013 odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa \u2013 \u010dasto met\u00f3dami umelej inteligencie obsah nielen tak\u00fd, ktor\u00fd by n\u00e1s mohol zauj\u00edma\u0165, ale najm\u00e4 tak\u00fd, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1s tam udr\u017e\u00ed \u010do najdlh\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Soci\u00e1lne siete vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 vlastnosti a mnoh\u00e9 triky, ktor\u00fdmi to dosiahnu. Napr\u00edklad \u010dasto preferuj\u00fa kontroverzn\u00fd, emocion\u00e1lny obsah a hejt, preto\u017ee nap\u00e4tie n\u00e1s pri\u0165ahuje. Neblah\u00fdm d\u00f4sledkom je, \u017ee m\u00e1me skreslen\u00fd poh\u013ead na realitu (svet vyzer\u00e1 negat\u00edvnej\u0161ie, ako v skuto\u010dnosti je). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Priamo vo svojich pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch rozhraniach maj\u00fa mechanizmy r\u00fdchleho \u201codme\u0148ovania\u201d (reakcie, p\u00e1\u010diky), ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa n\u00e1hle uspokojenie a m\u00f4\u017eu dokonca vies\u0165 a\u017e k z\u00e1vislosti. Alebo n\u00e1m odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa \u013e\u00fabiv\u00fd obsah. Tak\u00fd, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1m s ve\u013ekou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou bude p\u00e1\u010di\u0165, lebo je v s\u00falade s t\u00fdm, \u010do si mysl\u00edme. Uzatv\u00e1raj\u00fa n\u00e1s tak do tzv. informa\u010dn\u00fdch bubl\u00edn, a t\u00fdm nevedome formuj\u00fa na\u0161e n\u00e1zory a ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Mimochodom, v\u00fdskumu informa\u010dn\u00fdch bubl\u00edn<\/a> sa venujeme aj my, v Kempelenovom in\u0161tit\u00fate inteligentn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. .<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Receptom na to, ako ma\u0165 pod kontrolou ne\u017eelan\u00fd vplyv t\u00fdchto technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, je pozna\u0165 ich vlastnosti. Nie je nutn\u00e9 ani u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 ich presta\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Ur\u010dite v\u0161ak treba rozumne obmedzi\u0165 \u010das, ktor\u00fd im venujeme a vystavova\u0165 sa aj inej soci\u00e1lnej interakcii ako len tej virtu\u00e1lnej.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u010cetboty<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Pred necel\u00fdm rokom ve\u013ek\u00fa senz\u00e1ciu sp\u00f4sobilo uvedenie novej gener\u00e1cie \u010detbotov na \u010dele s ChatGPT. Ide o \u010detboty, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e nie s\u00fa dopredu naprogramovan\u00e9 na interakciu s pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom pod\u013ea zop\u00e1r scen\u00e1rov, ako tomu bolo preva\u017ene doteraz. S\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na ve\u013ek\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch modeloch (\u00e1no, t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 sme spom\u00ednali vy\u0161\u0161ie). T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom maj\u00fa v podstate neohrani\u010den\u00e9 mo\u017enosti komunik\u00e1cie. Trochu in\u00e9 to je u\u017e s ich spo\u013eahlivos\u0165ou \u010di d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Dne\u0161n\u00e9 inteligentn\u00e9 \u010detboty maj\u00fa \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody: umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu, m\u00f4\u017eeme sa kone\u010dne p\u00fdta\u0165 \u013eudskou re\u010dou. Dok\u00e1\u017eu odpoveda\u0165 s oh\u013eadom na kontext konverz\u00e1cie alebo n\u00e1\u0161ho profilu, ktor\u00fd si \u010dasom vytvorili. S\u00fa r\u00fdchlym a obsiahlym zdrojom vedomost\u00ed. A to je azda jedna z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod: dok\u00e1\u017eu n\u00e1s ve\u013ea nau\u010di\u0165, na\u0161e ot\u00e1zky ich nikdy neunudia, v\u017edy bud\u00fa ochotn\u00e9 odpoveda\u0165 znovu a znovu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Na strane druhej si mus\u00edme uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee je to st\u00e1le pomerne nov\u00e1, experiment\u00e1lna a nepresk\u00faman\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia. Aj ke\u010f tak p\u00f4sobia, dne\u0161n\u00e9 \u010detboty v skuto\u010dnosti nie s\u00fa inteligentn\u00e9 (minim\u00e1lne zatia\u013e nie). Obsahuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne predsudky a skreslenia (biasy), ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa f\u00e9rov\u00e9 (vo\u010di niektor\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m \u013eud\u00ed) a m\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1s negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165. Napr\u00edklad t\u00fdm, \u017ee bud\u00fa prekr\u00faca\u0165 historick\u00e9 skuto\u010dnosti, alebo sa negat\u00edvne vyjadrova\u0165 o niektor\u00fdch men\u0161in\u00e1ch. Jazykov\u00e9 modely s\u00fa len tak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9, ak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 boli d\u00e1ta pou\u017eit\u00e9 na ich tr\u00e9novanie. A vieme, \u017ee v obsahu na internete \u2013 a ten je potrebn\u00fd, preto\u017ee na tr\u00e9novanie potrebujeme obsahu naozaj ve\u013ea \u2013 m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 hoci\u010do. Nie je v \u013eudsk\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch tvorcov t\u00fdchto modelov skontrolova\u0165 \u00faplne v\u0161etko.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Z\u00e1rove\u0148 plat\u00ed, \u017ee jazykov\u00e9 modely si m\u00f4\u017eu aj vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165. Ke\u010f nevedia odpoveda\u0165, vymyslia si nejak\u00fa hl\u00fapos\u0165. Vtedy hovor\u00edme o tzv. halucinovan\u00ed. Je to vlastnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 vych\u00e1dza zo \u0161tatistickej podstaty modelov umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v \u010datbotoch pou\u017eit\u00e9. Je to fenom\u00e9n, ktor\u00e9mu e\u0161te poriadne nerozumieme ani my v\u00fdskumn\u00edci a sami sa ho sna\u017e\u00edme lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u010cetboty s\u00fa technol\u00f3gia s obrovsk\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lom. Nesmieme v\u0161ak zabuda\u0165 na jej ohrani\u010denia. Aby sme jej nepod\u013eahli, mus\u00edme si pripom\u00edna\u0165 jej limity. Aj ke\u010f \u010detboty budia dojem \u013eudskosti a p\u00f4sobia d\u00f4veryhodne, nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9, lebo nemaj\u00fa ucelen\u00fa predstavu o vonkaj\u0161om svete. Nebu\u010fme kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00ed a nenechajme sa t\u00fdm okab\u00e1ti\u0165. <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Deepfakes (a in\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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D\u00edpfejky (angl. deepfakes), hoaxy, falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a dezinform\u00e1cie spolo\u010dne ozna\u010dujeme ako informa\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy. V poslednej dobe sa s nimi roztrhlo vrece. \u0160\u00edreniu v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto neduhov prispievaj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. Cena vytvorenia falo\u0161n\u00e9ho obsahu je n\u00edzka, d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165 vysok\u00e1, potenci\u00e1lny dopad obrovsk\u00fd. Pozor, nevytv\u00e1ra ho umel\u00e1 inteligencia sama, ale \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed ju zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee chc\u00fa \u0161kodi\u0165, alebo len jednoducho z\u00edska\u0165 vo svojom \u017e\u00edvote nejak\u00fa nef\u00e9rov\u00fa v\u00fdhodu (pozornos\u0165, nasledovate\u013eov, vplyv, \u2026).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Nie je to \u0161okuj\u00face ani ni\u010d nov\u00e9, komunika\u010dn\u00e1 \u201c\u0161ikovnos\u0165\u201d hrala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v mnoh\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch momentoch. Av\u0161ak komunik\u00e1cia v dne\u0161nom svete m\u00e1, aj kv\u00f4li modern\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m, r\u00f4zne charakteristiky, na ktor\u00e9 nie sme (evolu\u010dne) prisp\u00f4soben\u00ed. Inform\u00e1cie sa \u0161\u00edria mimoriadne r\u00fdchlo. M\u00f4\u017eu zasiahnu\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo prij\u00edmate\u013eov naraz. Dne\u0161n\u00e9 diskutovan\u00e9 t\u00e9my s\u00fa zlo\u017eit\u00e9, nie v\u0161etk\u00e9mu rozumieme hne\u010f. Navy\u0161e, pri komunik\u00e1cii existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne kognit\u00edvne (biologick\u00e9) javy (tzv. konfirma\u010dn\u00e9 skreslenie, nevedom\u00e9 predsudky, \u2026), ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa prij\u00edma\u0165 inform\u00e1cie zaka\u017ed\u00fdm racion\u00e1lne a kriticky. Toto v\u0161etko d\u00e1va siln\u00e9 predpoklady na to, aby mohla by\u0165 komunik\u00e1cia (\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 internetom) zneu\u017eit\u00e1 na manipul\u00e1ciu a mas\u00edvne dezinforma\u010dn\u00e9 kampane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

\n

Na tieto poruchy \u017eia\u013e neexistuje jednoduch\u00fd recept. Rie\u0161en\u00edm je poctiv\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca \u017eurnalistov a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch medi\u00e1lnych profesion\u00e1lov a aj n\u00e1s vedcov. Mus\u00edme napom\u00e1ha\u0165 overovaniu faktov a zefekt\u00edv\u0148ova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu tzv. fact-checkerov, str\u00e1\u017enych anjelov inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. T\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa do spolo\u010dn\u00fdch medi\u00e1lnych observat\u00f3ri\u00ed. Jedno tak\u00e9 pre stredn\u00fa Eur\u00f3pu je <\/strong>CEDMO<\/strong><\/a>. A my, pou\u017e\u00edvatelia internetu a kone\u010dn\u00ed konzumenti inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, mus\u00edme vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a kultivova\u0165 na\u0161u najsilnej\u0161iu zbra\u0148: kritick\u00e9 myslenie<\/em>. Falo\u0161n\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie a in\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy tu s nami bud\u00fa e\u0161te dlho, mus\u00edme sa s nimi jednoducho nau\u010di\u0165 \u017ei\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Pr\u00edklady informa\u010dn\u00fdch por\u00fach: Falo\u0161n\u00e1 fotografia p\u00e1pe\u017ea Franti\u0161ka publikovan\u00e1 na soci\u00e1lnej sieti Reddit (v\u013eavo) a vizualiz\u00e1cia odhalenej dezinform\u00e1cie o koronaviruse (vpravo).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u010cl\u00e1nok vznikol pre Detsk\u00fa Univerzitu Komensk\u00e9ho<\/a>, vy\u0161iel aj v DUK zbierke \u010dl\u00e1nkov pre ro\u010dn\u00edk 2023.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozvoj internetu ako celosvetovej po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete a neskor\u0161\u00ed vznik webu na zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, s\u00fa vyn\u00e1lezy azda podobnej d\u00f4le\u017eitosti ako bol vyn\u00e1lez kn\u00edhtla\u010de.  Obe tieto technol\u00f3gie z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prispeli k tomu,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":30460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,142],"tags":[111,112],"class_list":["post-30404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-sk","category-2023-sk","tag-disinformation-sk","tag-fake-news-2-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPre\u010do je internet dobr\u00fd sluha a zl\u00fd p\u00e1n? - KInIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rozvoj internetu ako celosvetovej po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete a neskor\u0161\u00ed vznik webu na zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, s\u00fa vyn\u00e1lezy azda podobnej d\u00f4le\u017eitosti ako bol vyn\u00e1lez kn\u00edhtla\u010de.\u00a0Obe tieto technol\u00f3gie z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prispeli k tomu, \u017ee poznatky a inform\u00e1cie m\u00e1me prakticky \u201cporuke\u201d. 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Odb\u00farala sa tak obrovsk\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra v pr\u00edstupe k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KInIT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-20T10:57:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-20T13:29:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/202310_web_news_DUK_feature_Sk.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1201\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"629\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marianna Palkova\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@kinit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@kinit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marianna Palkova\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marianna Palkova\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8b175aaaf3267b5bbbbb97e4a6db8cea\"},\"headline\":\"Pre\u010do je internet dobr\u00fd sluha a zl\u00fd p\u00e1n?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-20T10:57:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-20T13:29:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2547,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/202310_web_news_DUK_feature_Sk.png\",\"keywords\":[\"disinformation\",\"Fake news\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"2023\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pre\u010do je internet dobr\u00fd sluha a zl\u00fd p\u00e1n? - KInIT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/sk\\\/preco-je-internet-dobry-sluha-a-zly-pan\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/202310_web_news_DUK_feature_Sk.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-20T10:57:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-20T13:29:47+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kinit.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8b175aaaf3267b5bbbbb97e4a6db8cea\"},\"description\":\"Rozvoj internetu ako celosvetovej po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete a neskor\u0161\u00ed vznik webu na zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, s\u00fa vyn\u00e1lezy azda podobnej d\u00f4le\u017eitosti ako bol vyn\u00e1lez kn\u00edhtla\u010de.\u00a0Obe tieto technol\u00f3gie z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prispeli k tomu, \u017ee poznatky a inform\u00e1cie m\u00e1me prakticky \u201cporuke\u201d. 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