{"id":23476,"date":"2022-12-09T09:12:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T08:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/?p=23476"},"modified":"2022-12-09T09:12:15","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T08:12:15","slug":"deepfake-ked-vas-zmysly-neklamu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/deepfake-ked-vas-zmysly-neklamu\/","title":{"rendered":"Deepfake – ke\u010f v\u00e1s zmysly (ne)klam\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Slovensk\u00e1 sporite\u013e\u0148a sa do predviano\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia rozhodla nasadi\u0165 telev\u00edzny spot<\/a>, v ktorom sa div\u00e1kom prihov\u00e1ra hlas podobn\u00fd hlasu zosnul\u00e9ho herca J\u00faliusa Satinsk\u00e9ho. Zo samotnej reklamy, ani z popisku pod videom na Youtube sa to s\u00edce priamo nedozvieme, ale v skuto\u010dnoti nejde o Satinsk\u00e9ho autentick\u00fd hlas, ale hlas vytvoren\u00fd pomocou algoritmov umelej inteligencie, teda tzv. deepfake. Predlohou pre tento deepfake sa stali texty zo Satinsk\u00e9ho knihy Moji mil\u00ed Slov\u00e1ci<\/a>. Okolo reklamy sa n\u00e1sledne rozpr\u00fadila diskusia nielen medzi odborn\u00edkmi, ale aj medzi be\u017en\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Niektor\u00ed z nich boli nad\u0161en\u00ed, in\u00ed zasko\u010den\u00ed, niektor\u00ed nemilo prekvapen\u00ed, \u010di dokonca znechuten\u00ed, pri\u010dom sa na pretras dostala aj etickos\u0165 tak\u00e9hoto po\u010dinu. Do tejto debaty si dovo\u013eujem vst\u00fapi\u0165 z poz\u00edcie \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 digit\u00e1lnou etiku a obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 etikou umelej inteligencie<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Dobr\u00fd deepfake nemus\u00ed by\u0165 zl\u00fd<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Slovo deepfake nem\u00e1 v sloven\u010dine svoj ust\u00e1len\u00fd preklad a zvy\u010dajne sa z angli\u010dtiny ani nepreklad\u00e1. Ve\u013emi vo\u013ene by sme sn\u00e1\u010f mohli hovori\u0165 o d\u00f4kladnom podvrhu alebo d\u00f4veryhodnej napodobnenine, \u010do v\u0161ak znie trocha neohrabane a navy\u0161e sa t\u00fdm strat\u00ed d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 slovn\u00e1 hra\u010dka. Na vytvorenie deepfake obsahu sa toti\u017e zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa algoritmy umelej inteligencie, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm tzv. hlbok\u00e9ho strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia (z ang. deep learning). A odtia\u013e je aj to slov\u00ed\u010dko deep v slove deepfake. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V\u00fdznam slova deepfake m\u00f4\u017eeme ch\u00e1pa\u0165 bu\u010f v u\u017e\u0161om kontexte ako video alebo audio obsah, v ktorom vystupuj\u00fa umelo vytvoren\u00e9 postavy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161ak na nerozoznanie od skuto\u010dn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Ale existuj\u00fa aj \u0161ir\u0161ie defin\u00edcie. Napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu Eur\u00f3pske komisie na regul\u00e1ciu umelej inteligencie (tzv. Akt o umelej inteligencii)<\/a> je deepfake ch\u00e1pan\u00fd ako obrazov\u00fd, zvukov\u00fd alebo video obsah, ktor\u00fd by niekto mohol mylne pova\u017eova\u0165 za prav\u00fd a ktor\u00fd sa podob\u00e1 nielen existuj\u00facim osob\u00e1m, ale aj miestam, udalostiam, \u010di dokonca predmetom. Dokonca m\u00f4\u017eeme hovori\u0165 aj o textovom deepfake. V r\u00e1mci neho generuj\u00fa algoritmy text, ktor\u00fd sa bu\u010f sna\u017e\u00ed simulova\u0165 prejav konkr\u00e9tnej osoby, ako v tejto uk\u00e1\u017eke nekone\u010dnej debaty re\u017eis\u00e9ra Wernera Herzoga a filozofa Slavoja \u017di\u017eeka<\/a>, alebo len vytvori\u0165 dojem, \u017ee dan\u00fd text bol nap\u00edsan\u00fd \u013eudskou rukou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Deepfake nadob\u00fada v diskusi\u00e1ch zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a negat\u00edvne konot\u00e1cie. Nepodce\u0148ujme v\u0161ak aj jeho pozit\u00edvny v\u00fdznam. Lebo v s\u00favislosti s deepfake m\u00f4\u017eeme hovori\u0165 nielen o zneu\u017eit\u00ed, ale aj o jeho praktickom vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad v umen\u00ed a z\u00e1bavnom priemysle. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Mnoh\u00ed z \u010ditate\u013eov ur\u010dite zaregistrovali vyu\u017eitie deepfake vo filmoch \u010di seri\u00e1loch Star Wars, kde znova o\u017eili postavy stv\u00e1rnen\u00e9 ne\u017eij\u00facmi hercami<\/a>. Textov\u00fd deepfake zas pom\u00e1ha u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 pr\u00e1cu novin\u00e1rov pri generovan\u00ed spr\u00e1v zo \u0161portov\u00fdch z\u00e1pasov<\/a>. Pozornos\u0165 vyvolal\u00a0 aj album skladieb<\/a> hudobn\u00fdch legiend z klubu 27, \u010di mo\u017enos\u0165 vypo\u010du\u0165 si nikdy neprednesen\u00fd prejav prezidenta Kennedyho<\/a>, ktor\u00fd mal odznie\u0165 v Dallase roku 1963.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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O zneu\u017eit\u00ed deepfaku nemus\u00edme hovori\u0165 ani v pripade satiry, \u010di r\u00f4znych vtipn\u00fdch sc\u00e9nok, napr\u00edklad pomocou tzv. face swap aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, aj ke\u010f toto pou\u017eitie sa u\u017e pohybuje na hrane, za ktorou stoja napr\u00edklad deepfake vo forme revenge porn<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Na druh\u00fa stranu pozn\u00e1me mnoh\u00e9 vtipn\u00e9 vide\u00e1 politikov<\/a> a verejne zn\u00e1mych os\u00f4b, pri ktor\u00fdch sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 ist\u00fa mieru satiry na svoj \u00fa\u010det. Dokonca je mo\u017en\u00e9 podobn\u00fd deepfake obsah vyu\u017ei\u0165 aj na osvetov\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165. Medzi tak\u00e9to pr\u00edklady by sa dali zaradi\u0165 deepfake vide\u00e1 prezidenta Obamu<\/a>, \u010di moder\u00e1torky Zlatice Pu\u0161k\u00e1rovej<\/a>. Tie maj\u00fa za cie\u013e upozorni\u0165 na fakt, \u017ee tak\u00e9to vide\u00e1 u\u017e dnes existuj\u00fa, daj\u00fa sa pomerne \u013eahko vytvori\u0165 a m\u00f4\u017eu sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 aj na oklamanie verejnosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Deepfake ako hrozba<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Skuto\u010dn\u00e9 zneu\u017eitie deepfake nast\u00e1va pr\u00e1ve v situ\u00e1cii, ke\u010f si div\u00e1k alebo posluch\u00e1\u010d nie s\u00fa vedom\u00ed zmeny obsahu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zatajenie inform\u00e1cie, \u017ee nejde o skuto\u010dn\u00fa osobu, m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k nejakej ujme. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Napr\u00edklad, ak sa zneu\u017eije deepfake na to, aby si z\u00edskal va\u0161u d\u00f4veru a prin\u00fatil v\u00e1s urobi\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do by ste inak nespravili. Takou situ\u00e1ciou m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zneu\u017eitie deepfake v predvolebnom boji, ak by jedna strana vytvorila napodobeninu svojho politick\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka, ktor\u00e9ho by potom uviedla v negat\u00edvnom svetle pred voli\u010dmi. Alebo m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o deepfake ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 hybridnej vojny a cielenej dezinforma\u010dnej kampane. Videli sme to napr\u00edklad na Ukrajine, ke\u010f vznikli deepfake vide\u00e1 prezidenta Zelensk\u00e9ho<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 vyz\u00fdvali ob\u010danov, aby sa vzdali rusk\u00fdm okupa\u010dn\u00fdm vojsk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Dnes u\u017e existuj\u00fa forenzn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje na identifik\u00e1ciu deepfake, ale tie s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre expertov a v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov. Aj u n\u00e1s v KInITe sme zapojen\u00ed do eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho projektu vera.ai<\/a>, ktor\u00fd sa venuje odha\u013eovaniu deepfake v kontexte dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch kampan\u00ed. Na\u0161i v\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa v r\u00e1mci tohto projektu zaoberaj\u00fa detekciou textov\u00e9ho deepfake, ktor\u00e9mu sa zatia\u013e venovala v\u00fdrazne men\u0161ia pozornos\u0165 ako je to v pr\u00edpade audio a video obsahu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pre laika m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 identifik\u00e1cia deepfake ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1, ak nie nemo\u017en\u00e1. T\u00ed v\u0161\u00edmavej\u0161\u00ed mo\u017eno v spom\u00ednanej reklame Slovenskej sporite\u013ene zaregistrovali trochu in\u00fa farbu Satinsk\u00e9ho hlasu, alebo ich prekvapila neobvykl\u00e1 inton\u00e1cia. V pr\u00edpade deepfake videa so Zlaticou Pu\u0161k\u00e1rovou zas m\u00f4\u017eeme pozorova\u0165 ist\u00fa strojenos\u0165 postavy, \u010di neprirodzenos\u0165 mimiky tv\u00e1re. Ale ak je deepfake uroben\u00fd na takej \u00farovni ako spomenut\u00e9 dva pr\u00edpady, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 popul\u00e1cie probl\u00e9m ho rozpozna\u0165 bez predo\u0161l\u00e9ho upozornenia, \u010do dokazuj\u00fa aj koment\u00e1re pod oboma videami.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V tak\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa d\u00e1 odporu\u010di\u0165 to, \u010do by sme mali robi\u0165 pri prij\u00edman\u00ed akejko\u013evek novej inform\u00e1cie. V\u0161\u00edma\u0165 si, odkia\u013e obsah poch\u00e1dza, \u010di ho podporuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zdroje, alebo sa zamyslie\u0165 nad t\u00fdm, \u010di m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tak\u00fdto obsah v\u00f4bec v s\u00falade s realitou<\/strong>. Teda \u010di by nie\u010do tak\u00e9 mohla dan\u00e1 osoba poveda\u0165 aj verejne. Znamen\u00e1 to zapoji\u0165 svoje kritick\u00e9 myslenie a ist\u00fa mieru ostra\u017eitosti, hlavne ak si nie sme konkr\u00e9tnou inform\u00e1ciou dostato\u010dne ist\u00ed. Av\u0161ak toto plat\u00ed nielen o deepfakoch, ale vlastne o v\u0161etkom, \u010do konzumujeme na internete.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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O m\u0155tvych len dobre<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Ako sa teda pozera\u0165 na deepfake zosnul\u00e9ho \u010dloveka? To je dobr\u00e1, ale \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Pri \u017eij\u00facich \u013eu\u010foch si m\u00f4\u017eeme polo\u017ei\u0165 ot\u00e1zku, \u010di dan\u00fd \u010dlovek dal s\u00fahlas na vytvorenie deepfake videa. Napr\u00edklad v pr\u00edpade videa so Zlaticou Pu\u0161k\u00e1rovou moder\u00e1torka o kampani vedela a priamo s \u0148ou s\u00fahlasila. U m\u0155tveho tak\u00fdto s\u00fahlas samozrejme z\u00edska\u0165 nevieme. Z pr\u00e1vneho h\u013eadiska by n\u00e1s ur\u010dite zauj\u00edmal n\u00e1zor \u010dlenov rodiny alebo \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed spravuj\u00fa pozostalos\u0165 danej osoby, \u010di jeho autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va. V pr\u00edpade reklamy Slovenskej sporite\u013ene napr\u00edklad vieme o s\u00fahlase dc\u00e9ry p\u00e1na Satinsk\u00e9ho s vytvoren\u00edm deepfake obsahu na z\u00e1klade jeho diela. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Z etick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme \u00eds\u0165 e\u0161te \u010falej za po\u017eiadavky pr\u00e1va. V tom pr\u00edpade sa m\u00f4\u017eeme napr\u00edklad p\u00fdta\u0165, \u010di by dan\u00e1 osoba s\u00fahlasila s podobn\u00fdm deepfake obsahom, resp. \u010di by bol tak\u00fdto obsah v s\u00falade s jej hodnotov\u00fdmi postojmi a sveton\u00e1zorom. Z tohto poh\u013eadu by bolo napr\u00edklad nemor\u00e1lne vytvori\u0165 video s Georgeom Harrisonom, ako propaguje nejak\u00fa brav\u010dov\u00fa pa\u0161t\u00e9tu, ak bol po\u010das svojho \u017eivota ortodoxn\u00fd veg\u00e1n a ochranca pr\u00e1v zvierat. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u010co v\u0161ak v pr\u00edpade, ak by sa nedalo z postojov osoby po\u010das jej \u017eivota ur\u010di\u0165 jej postoj vo\u010di konkr\u00e9tnemu pou\u017eitiu jej podobizne, resp. jej vz\u0165ah k nejakej komer\u010dnej zna\u010dke? V pr\u00edpade Petera Cushinga, alebo Carrie Fisher (hercov p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch Star Wars filmov) by sme mohli dolo\u017ei\u0165 ich pozit\u00edvny vz\u0165ah k filmovej zna\u010dke. Preto by pou\u017eitie ich tv\u00e1re vo filmoch aj po ich smrti nemuselo by\u0165 z tohto poh\u013eadu a\u017e tak problematick\u00e9. Av\u0161ak vz\u0165ah J\u00faliusa Satinsk\u00e9ho k zmienenej finan\u010dnej in\u0161tit\u00facii nie je verejne zn\u00e1my, a preto sa tu mus\u00edme znova oprie\u0165 len o s\u00fahlas jeho rodiny. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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M\u00e1me  v\u0161ak aj \u010fal\u0161iu mo\u017enos\u0165, ako obh\u00e1ji\u0165 pou\u017eitie deepfaku v podobn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch. M\u00f4\u017eeme sa toti\u017e p\u00fdta\u0165, do akej miery by bola deepfake obsahom dotknut\u00e1 d\u00f4stojnos\u0165 danej osoby alebo jeho bl\u00edzkych. Syntetick\u00fd hlas, ktor\u00fd by predstavil p\u00e1na Satinsk\u00e9ho v nejakej dehonestuj\u00facej podobe, by sa za tak\u00e9to naru\u0161enie d\u00f4stojnosti dal pova\u017eova\u0165. V tomto bode tvorcom reklamy nemo\u017eno uprie\u0165 snahu, aby deepfake hlasu p\u00e1na Satinsk\u00e9ho nehovoril ni\u010d, \u010do by mohlo p\u00f4sobi\u0165 poni\u017euj\u00faco alebo inak ned\u00f4stojne. U\u017e sme spomenuli, \u017ee deepfake obsah vych\u00e1dza zo zmie\u0148ovan\u00fdch hercov\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdch textov. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pozit\u00edvne je aj to, \u017ee sa v reklame priamo nespom\u00edna konkr\u00e9tny finan\u010dn\u00fd produkt, napr. hypot\u00e9ka alebo be\u017en\u00fd \u00fa\u010det. Sk\u00f4r sa tu vyjadruje ist\u00e9 posolstvo, ktor\u00e9 sa s nadh\u013eadom a vtipom sna\u017e\u00ed prihov\u00e1ra\u0165 div\u00e1kom, a s ktor\u00fdm sa vie stoto\u017eni\u0165 aj niekto, kto nie je klientom danej banky. \u0160koda, \u017ee sa tento nadh\u013ead u\u017e nepodarilo udr\u017ea\u0165 aj na webovej str\u00e1nke<\/a>, z ktorej je n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edk rovno presmerovan\u00fd na \u010fal\u0161ie produkty banky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u00daprimn\u00fd deepfake?\u00a0<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Na za\u010diatku sme spom\u00ednali regul\u00e1ciu syst\u00e9mov umelej inteligencie, tzv. Akt o umelej inteligencii (AIA<\/a>). Ten okrem defin\u00edcie deepfake obsahu prich\u00e1dza aj so zauj\u00edmavou po\u017eiadavkou na transparentnos\u0165 AI syst\u00e9mov. V tomto kontexte AIA uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee pou\u017eitie umelej inteligencie na vytvorenie deepfake by malo by\u0165 v\u017edy dostato\u010dne zrejm\u00e9 a jasn\u00e9<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Cie\u013eom po\u017eiadaviek na transparentnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mov je predch\u00e1dza\u0165 situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m, v ktor\u00fdch by mohlo d\u00f4js\u0165 k zm\u00e4teniu adres\u00e1ta najm\u00e4 v situ\u00e1ciach, kedy to nemus\u00ed by\u0165 zrejm\u00e9 zo samotn\u00e9ho kontextu, ako je to v pr\u00edpade u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fdch vtipn\u00fdch sc\u00e9nok a satiry. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pred kontaktom \u010dloveka s deepfake by preto malo by\u0165 dostato\u010dne jasne uveden\u00e9, \u017ee ide o napodobeninu, nie o skuto\u010dn\u00fd autentick\u00fd obsah. V pr\u00edpade uvedenej reklamy v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed pravdepodobne pochopila, \u017ee hlas, ktor\u00fd sa podob\u00e1 hlasu zosnul\u00e9ho herca, nie je autentick\u00fd. Av\u0161ak minim\u00e1lne na podvedomej \u00farovni m\u00f4\u017ee u niektor\u00fdch z \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa dostali do kontaktu s obsahom, d\u00f4js\u0165 k zm\u00e4teniu, resp. k vytvoreniu em\u00f3cie k produktu len preto, \u017ee si ju hne\u010f na za\u010diatku mylne spojili s osobou, ktor\u00e1 sa k danej veci vlastne nevyjadrila. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

\n

Tak\u00e1to po\u017eiadavka na transparentnos\u0165 je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 a ur\u010dite nie je samo\u00fa\u010deln\u00e1. M\u00e1 toti\u017e aj svoj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed, omnoho hlb\u0161\u00ed rozmer. Syst\u00e9my umelej inteligencie z\u010faleka nie s\u00fa len technologick\u00fdmi hra\u010dkami, ale maj\u00fa aj svoj socio-technick\u00fd charakter. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na jednej strane odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa na\u0161e hodnoty a postoje<\/a>, na druhej strane m\u00f4\u017eu svoj\u00edm p\u00f4soben\u00edm v\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 \u017eivoty in\u00fdch, a to aj v \u0161ir\u0161om spolo\u010denskom mer\u00edtku. Napr\u00edklad ak necitliv\u00fdm nasaden\u00edm tv\u00e1rovej biometrie vo verejn\u00fdch priestranstv\u00e1ch<\/a> vytvor\u00edme \u010dasom v \u013eu\u010foch pocit strachu a prenasledovania. Alebo ak zahlten\u00edm online priestoru dezinform\u00e1ciami podkopeme d\u00f4veru \u013eud\u00ed v racionalitu a nahrad\u00edme ju pravdou filtra\u010dn\u00fdch bubl\u00edn<\/a>. Rovnako tak aj systematick\u00e9 vystavenie deepfake obsahu m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 \u010dasom k strate d\u00f4very \u013eud\u00ed v realitu. K presved\u010deniu, \u017ee \u010dlovek dnes nem\u00f4\u017ee veri\u0165 u\u017e ani vlastn\u00fdm zmyslom. A to by mal ka\u017ed\u00fd siln\u00fd a mienkotvorn\u00fd subjekt, ur\u010dite vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Slovensk\u00e1 sporite\u013e\u0148a sa do predviano\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia rozhodla nasadi\u0165 telev\u00edzny spot, v ktorom sa div\u00e1kom prihov\u00e1ra hlas podobn\u00fd hlasu zosnul\u00e9ho herca J\u00faliusa Satinsk\u00e9ho. Zo samotnej reklamy, ani z popisku pod videom…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":19533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[80,88,349],"tags":[311,392,420],"class_list":["post-23476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics-and-human-values-in-technology-sk","category-pop-science-sk","category-2022-sk","tag-ethics-in-ai-sk","tag-ethics-sk","tag-ai-ethics-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDeepfake - ke\u010f v\u00e1s zmysly (ne)klam\u00fa - KInIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Deepfake nadob\u00fada v diskusi\u00e1ch zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a negat\u00edvne konot\u00e1cie. Nepodce\u0148ujme v\u0161ak aj jeho pozit\u00edvny v\u00fdznam. Lebo v s\u00favislosti s deepfake m\u00f4\u017eeme hovori\u0165 nielen o zneu\u017eit\u00ed, ale aj o jeho praktickom vyu\u017eit\u00ed. 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