{"id":19796,"date":"2022-07-22T07:54:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T05:54:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-carbon-footprint\/"},"modified":"2022-07-22T08:04:24","modified_gmt":"2022-07-22T06:04:24","slug":"vplyv-umelej-inteligencie-na-uhlikovu-stopu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/vplyv-umelej-inteligencie-na-uhlikovu-stopu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vplyv umelej inteligencie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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O vplyve \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie sa hovor\u00ed \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie. Ak\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie m\u00e1 chov dobytka, doprava \u010di m\u00f3dny priemysel, ste u\u017e mnoh\u00ed ur\u010dite niekde po\u010duli. No my by sme v\u00e1m chceli predstavi\u0165 to, ako mnohokr\u00e1t a\u017e ne\u010dakane m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie umel\u00e1 inteligencia a s \u0148ou s\u00favisiaci v\u00fdskum<\/strong> a opakovan\u00e9 tr\u00e9novanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch modelov strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Modely umelej inteligencie, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00e9 na tzv. hlbok\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov\u00fdch sie\u0165ach sa neust\u00e1le zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00fa, prib\u00fada viac d\u00e1t. Aktu\u00e1lne sa vo v\u00fdvoji umelej inteligencie ve\u013emi neh\u013ead\u00ed na optimaliz\u00e1ciu modelov. Jednoducho sa vytvor\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed model pridan\u00edm \u010fal\u0161\u00edch vrstiev alebo po\u010dtu parametrov neur\u00f3novej siete. T\u00fdmto sa s\u00edce zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e1 sila, ktor\u00fa potrebujeme na jednotliv\u00e9 \u00falohy. T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom sa zvy\u0161uje aj energia, ktor\u00fa dan\u00fd model spotrebuje. Tie\u017e sa zv\u00fd\u0161i aj cena za natr\u00e9novanie tohto modelu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Dopad modelov vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich hlbok\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 siete na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie je \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>. Ale tento probl\u00e9m nie je nerie\u0161ite\u013en\u00fd. V KInITe n\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, ak\u00fd m\u00e1 na\u0161a pr\u00e1ca vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a pracujeme na opatreniach, ako tieto dopady zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sme zhrnuli zop\u00e1r pr\u00edstupov, ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 vplyv v\u00fdvoja umelej inteligencie zmieni\u0165<\/strong>. Ver\u00edme, \u017ee posl\u00fa\u017ei ako in\u0161pir\u00e1cia a aj vy sa rozhodnete niektor\u00e9 princ\u00edpy aplikova\u0165 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Red AI vs. Green AI<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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V oblasti v\u00fdskumu umelej inteligencie sa m\u00f4\u017eeme stretn\u00fa\u0165 aj s pojmami Red AI a Green AI. Pojmom Red AI je ozna\u010dovan\u00fd v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd neh\u013ead\u00ed na to, ko\u013eko pe\u0148az\u00ed a zdrojov bolo do v\u00fdskumu vlo\u017een\u00fdch. Je zameran\u00fd len na budovanie lep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledkov. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Na opa\u010dnej strane je pr\u00edstup Green AI. Green AI je sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdskumu, v ktorom s\u00fa v\u00fdskumn\u00edci motivovan\u00ed, aby sa nepozerali iba na v\u00fdsledky, ale aj na zdroje, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 na dosiahnutie t\u00fdchto v\u00fdsledkov<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Zosumarizovali sme pre v\u00e1s nieko\u013eko princ\u00edpov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom v oblasti AI pom\u00f4c\u0165 zni\u017eova\u0165 uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu ich pr\u00e1ce. \u010co vieme urobi\u0165 preto, aby sme zn\u00ed\u017eili na\u0161u uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu pri v\u00fdskume umelej inteligencie?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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1. Redukcia \u010dasu v\u00fdpo\u010dtu<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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V\u00fdpo\u010det (inferenciu) v tomto pr\u00edpade ch\u00e1peme ako pou\u017e\u00edvanie modelu umelej inteligencie na re\u00e1lnych d\u00e1tach v prev\u00e1dzke (produkcii). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edstupov je orez\u00e1vanie<\/a> neur\u00f3novej siete. Ide o optimaliz\u00e1ciu modelu odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm \u010dast\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa na v\u00fdsledku podie\u013eaj\u00fa v minim\u00e1lnej forme. Spojenia, ktor\u00e9 sa nepodie\u013eaj\u00fa na zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledkov, sa jednoducho odstr\u00e1nia.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Po orezan\u00ed nepotrebn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed neur\u00f3nov\u00fdch siet\u00ed (spojen\u00ed, ale niekedy aj samotn\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov) do v\u00fdpo\u010dtu (inferencie) vstupuje menej spojen\u00ed. Zn\u00ed\u017ei sa tak energetick\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165, preto\u017ee sa na ich chod t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom neminie elektrick\u00e1 energia.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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2. Redukcia \u010dasu tr\u00e9novania<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Frankl a Carvin<\/a> sa\u00a0 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis pozreli na to, \u010di existuje podsie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 by od inicializ\u00e1cie vedela pracova\u0165 rovnako dobre ako p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 sie\u0165. V pr\u00edpade tr\u00e9novania a orez\u00e1vania siete potrebujeme najprv natr\u00e9nova\u0165 sie\u0165 pri plnej kapacite. Zaoberali sa my\u0161lienkou, \u010di dok\u00e1\u017eeme u\u017e na za\u010diatku tr\u00e9novania ur\u010di\u0165 podsie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 by pri rovnakom po\u010dte d\u00e1t a rovnakom po\u010dte tr\u00e9novac\u00edch epoch dok\u00e1zala dospie\u0165 k rovnak\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Po odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed zbyto\u010dn\u00fdch prepojen\u00ed resetovali sie\u0165 na p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 hodnoty a n\u00e1sledne sa sna\u017eili natr\u00e9nova\u0165 cel\u00fa sie\u0165. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee tak\u00e1to sie\u0165 existuje v ka\u017edej sieti. Sie\u0165 dok\u00e1zali natr\u00e9nova\u0165 dokonca s lep\u0161ou presnos\u0165ou, pri\u010dom mala len 20% p\u00f4vodnej ve\u013ekosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Toto by bolo zbyto\u010dn\u00e9, ak by sme nemali podporu v hardv\u00e9ri. V pr\u00edpade tr\u00e9novania a orez\u00e1vania neur\u00f3novej siete je vytv\u00e1ran\u00e1 maska na to, ktor\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny sa bud\u00fa \u010falej tr\u00e9nova\u0165 a ktor\u00e9 nie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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3. V\u00fdber poskytovate\u013ea infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00fd db\u00e1 na obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\u010eal\u0161\u00edm ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00fdm si vieme pom\u00f4c\u0165, je prec\u00edzne si vybera\u0165 lokalitu a poskytovate\u013eov infra\u0161trukt\u00farnych slu\u017eieb, cloudov\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed a data centier.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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R\u00f4zne spolo\u010dnosti a r\u00f4zne krajiny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne druhy energie. S oh\u013eadom na \u010derpanie udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie s\u00fa na tom aktu\u00e1lne najlep\u0161ie Google<\/a> (vyu\u017e\u00edva 100% obnovite\u013enej energie), Amazon (17%) a Microsoft (32%).\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed m\u00e1 aj pl\u00e1n obnovy energie. Microsoft sa zaviazal, \u017ee do roku 2030 bude uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lny, \u010di\u017ee bude prispieva\u0165 k odstr\u00e1neniu uhl\u00edka rovnakou mierou, ako k nemu prispieva. Amazon sa v decembri stal najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm kupcom obnovite\u013enej energie, pri\u010dom sa zaviazal, \u017ee do roku 2025 sa stane uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lny. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Google bol uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lny u\u017e v roku 2007 a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa sk\u00f4r zameriavaj\u00fa na rozdiely v tom, kedy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obnovite\u013en\u00e9 a kedy uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 zdroje. Zaviazali sa, \u017ee do roku 2030 bud\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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S\u00fa r\u00f4zne mo\u017enosti, ako vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie. Microsoft ponoril na morsk\u00e9 dno serverov\u0148u<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 sa chladila prirodzene chladom podmorsk\u00e9ho prostredia. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee to funguje relat\u00edvne dobre a niektor\u00e9 komponenty im fungovali dokonca lep\u0161ie. Google napr\u00edklad buduje d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centr\u00e1 pri riekach, aby mohli vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 energiu priamo z lok\u00e1lnej hydroelektr\u00e1rne.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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4. Vykazovanie emisi\u00ed<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Zamerajme sa na to, ako reportova\u0165 mno\u017estvo spotrebovanej energie a to, za ak\u00fd dlh\u00fd \u010das bola spotrebovan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdskumu. Peter Henderson s kolekt\u00edvom vo svojej pr\u00e1ci Carbon impact statement<\/a> vytvorili uk\u00e1\u017eku toho, ako by sa mohlo v publik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch uv\u00e1dza\u0165, ko\u013eko emisi\u00ed a energie bolo pou\u017eit\u00fdch na dan\u00fd v\u00fdskum. Vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, pre\u010do je potrebn\u00e9 tieto v\u00fdsledky publikova\u0165. Vytvorili rebr\u00ed\u010dky aj r\u00e1mec, o ktorom hovoria, \u017ee je jednoducho implementovate\u013en\u00fd do r\u00f4znych rie\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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5. Zdie\u013eanie na\u0161ej pr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00edk potrebuje svoju pr\u00e1cu porovn\u00e1va\u0165 s in\u00fdmi rie\u0161eniami, aby zistil, \u010di je jeho met\u00f3da \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia alebo nie. Zdie\u013eajme natr\u00e9novan\u00e9 modely a v\u00fdsledky, aby sme u\u013eah\u010dili pr\u00e1cu ostatn\u00fdm a aby rovnak\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca nevy\u017eadovala 2-kr\u00e1t alebo N-kr\u00e1t to\u013eko energie z d\u00f4vodu op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho tr\u00e9novania. Ide o jeden z najjednoduch\u0161\u00edch mechanizmov, ako m\u00f4\u017eeme napom\u00f4c\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017eeniu uhl\u00edkovej stopy. Okrem environment\u00e1lnej zodpovednosti prispejeme k r\u00fdchlej\u0161iemu pokroku a podpor\u00edme princ\u00edp tzv. otvoren\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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6. Kompenz\u00e1cie emisi\u00ed uhl\u00edka (Carbon offsets)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Existuje viacero spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 zak\u00fapenia offsetov. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee firma si vie vybra\u0165, ktor\u00e9 projekty bude finan\u010dne podporova\u0165 a akou mierou. T\u00fdm sa vynahrad\u00ed vytvoren\u00e1 uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Pri vo\u013ebe kompenz\u00e1ci\u00ed emisi\u00ed je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 to, aby nenahr\u00e1dzali opatrenia na zni\u017eovanie emisi\u00ed. Malo by to by\u0165 posledn\u00e9 opatrenie, po ktorom siahneme, ke\u010f u\u017e sme v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vy\u010derpali.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Z\u00e1ver<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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V\u00fdskum umelej inteligencie prin\u00e1\u0161a mnoho v\u00fdhod, no m\u00e1 aj tienist\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, na ktor\u00e9 nesmieme zab\u00fada\u0165. Je aj na\u0161ou povinnos\u0165ou ako v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, zni\u017eova\u0165 uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu na\u0161ej pr\u00e1ce. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V KInITe n\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, aby v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj umelej inteligencie bol nielen pr\u00ednosn\u00fd, ale aj environment\u00e1lne zodpovedn\u00fd. Neust\u00e1le vylep\u0161ujeme intern\u00e9 usmernenia pre na\u0161ich v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, aby sme minimalizovali vplyv umelej inteligencie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu. Prispeli sme k zverejneniu doteraz najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho slovensk\u00e9ho neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho modelu SlovakBERT<\/a>. Tie\u017e sme zverejnili \u010fal\u0161ie dotr\u00e9novan\u00e9 modely, aby ich mohli pou\u017ei\u0165 aj ostatn\u00ed v\u00fdskumn\u00edci a nemuseli opakovane m\u00edna\u0165 zdroje na tr\u00e9novanie svojich vlastn\u00fdch. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Na \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed n\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Ako in\u0161tit\u00fat, ktor\u00fd akt\u00edvne pracuje s met\u00f3dami umelej inteligencie, budeme v oblasti ochrany \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia v\u017edy robi\u0165 maximum. N\u00e1vrhy na\u0161ich projektov a \u017eiadosti o granty staviame na rie\u0161eniach, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa opakovane pou\u017ei\u0165. Sme s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch projektov<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 dbaj\u00fa na znovupou\u017eite\u013enos\u0165 v\u00fdstupov. Chceme, aby mala na\u0161a pr\u00e1ca pozit\u00edvny vplyv, nie aby prispievala k environment\u00e1lnej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ei na prostredie okolo n\u00e1s.  <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O vplyve \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie sa hovor\u00ed \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie. Ak\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie m\u00e1 chov dobytka, doprava \u010di m\u00f3dny priemysel, ste u\u017e mnoh\u00ed ur\u010dite niekde po\u010duli. No…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":19792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,349],"tags":[122],"class_list":["post-19796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pop-science-sk","category-2022-sk","tag-green-energy-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVplyv umelej inteligencie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu - KInIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chceli by sme v\u00e1m predstavi\u0165, ako mnohokr\u00e1t a\u017e ne\u010dakane m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie umel\u00e1 inteligencia a s \u0148ou s\u00favisiaci v\u00fdskum a opakovan\u00e9 tr\u00e9novanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch modelov strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/vplyv-umelej-inteligencie-na-uhlikovu-stopu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vplyv umelej inteligencie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu - 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