{"id":17160,"date":"2022-05-18T07:53:13","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T05:53:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/how-artificial-intelligence-can-detect-hate-speech\/"},"modified":"2022-05-18T10:25:41","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T08:25:41","slug":"ako-dokaze-umela-inteligencia-spozorovat-hejt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/ako-dokaze-umela-inteligencia-spozorovat-hejt\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako dok\u00e1\u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia spozorova\u0165 hejt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hejt nie je len obsah, ktor\u00fd negat\u00edvne vpl\u00fdva na atmosf\u00e9ru na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach. Ke\u010f\u017ee je namieren\u00fd proti ist\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m obyvate\u013estva, p\u00f4sob\u00ed zra\u0148uj\u00faco a prispieva k polariz\u00e1cii spolo\u010dnosti. V krajn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 aj o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd akt s pr\u00e1vnymi d\u00f4sledkami pre autorov hejtu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ka\u017edop\u00e1dne, hejt mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za jeden z indik\u00e1torov, ktor\u00e9 poukazuj\u00fa na pochybn\u00fd zdroj inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Aj d\u00e1tov\u00ed vedci spolo\u010dnosti Meta zistili<\/a>, \u017ee vyjadrenia, ktor\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa hnev, ve\u013emi \u010dasto obsahovali dezinform\u00e1cie. <\/strong>Samotn\u00e9 rozpoznanie hejtu v obrovskom a neust\u00e1le prib\u00fadaj\u00facom objeme online obsahu je pritom problematick\u00e9. <\/strong>Jeho identifik\u00e1cia by v\u0161ak pomohla identifikova\u0165 aj dezinform\u00e1cie a u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 fact-checking, \u010do je na\u0161ou prioritou v r\u00e1mci CEDMO hubu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Umel\u00e1 inteligencia, konkr\u00e9tne strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie, dok\u00e1\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 hejt v pr\u00edslove\u010dnej kope sena nespo\u010d\u00edtate\u013en\u00e9ho mno\u017estva internetov\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov. N\u00e1stroje umelej inteligencie v\u0161ak<\/strong> nie s\u00fa, a ani by nemali by\u0165, kone\u010dn\u00fdm sudcom, ktor\u00fd hejtera ods\u00fadi<\/strong>. Met\u00f3dy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia sk\u00f4r dok\u00e1\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 hejt n\u00e1js\u0165 napr\u00edklad Facebooku, <\/strong>aby jeho administr\u00e1tori – \u013eudia – mohli zasiahnu\u0165 a problematick\u00fd pr\u00edspevok vymaza\u0165, pr\u00edpadne prist\u00fapi\u0165 aj k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm krokom, ako napr\u00edklad zablokova\u0165 \u00fa\u010det hejtera. <\/strong>V pr\u00edspevku Addressing Hate Speech with Data Science<\/a> sme pouk\u00e1zali aj na to, \u010do umel\u00e1 inteligencia dok\u00e1\u017ee a \u010do u\u017e nie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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D\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do umel\u00e1 inteligencia nenahrad\u00ed \u013eudsk\u00fa inteligenciu pr\u00e1vnikov, sudcov \u010di in\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov z r\u00f4znych in\u0161tit\u00facii pri dokazovan\u00ed hejtu, je nieko\u013eko. Umel\u00e1 inteligencia \u0165a\u017eko n\u00e1jde v texte d\u00f4kaz o tom, \u017ee niekoho slovn\u00e9 vyjadrenie je<\/strong> \u00fatokom<\/strong> (na z\u00e1klade rasy at\u010f.) a podnecuje nen\u00e1vis\u0165 alebo n\u00e1silie<\/strong>. Automaticky nem\u00e1me mo\u017enos\u0165 zisti\u0165 efekt textu na niekoho in\u00e9ho. Tak\u00fdto \u00fa\u010dinok, ak m\u00e1 by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd v trestno-pr\u00e1vnom konan\u00ed, mus\u00ed by\u0165 dok\u00e1zan\u00fd  odborn\u00edkmi. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\u010co m\u00f4\u017eeme od strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia \u010daka\u0165<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Z\u00e1mer \u010dloveka je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 a dok\u00e1za\u0165 nielen automaticky, ale aj \u013eu\u010fmi. Napom\u00f4c\u0165 v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu fenom\u00e9ny, ktor\u00e9 s hejtom b\u00fdvaj\u00fa spojen\u00e9 \u2013 napr\u00edklad klamanie, nezmysly (bullshitting), manipul\u00e1cia \u010di zav\u00e1dzanie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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V\u010faka umelej inteligencii dok\u00e1\u017eeme<\/strong> n\u00e1js\u0165 prvky v texte, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre hejt charakteristick\u00e9<\/strong>, ako napr\u00edklad agres\u00edvne v\u00fdrazy.  Na to n\u00e1m dobre posl\u00fa\u017eia met\u00f3dy ako anal\u00fdza sentimentu, ozna\u010dovanie t\u00e9m, detekcia jazyka a z\u00e1meru konverz\u00e1cie<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ke\u010f hovor\u00edme o automatickej identifik\u00e1cii hejtu, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti t\u00fdm mysl\u00edme sk\u00f4r hejt v textovej podobe. Anal\u00fdza hejtu \u0161\u00edren\u00e9ho prostredn\u00edctvom obr\u00e1zkov a vide\u00ed predstavuje z poh\u013eadu automatick\u00e9ho spracovania e\u0161te n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. I ke\u010f znova m\u00f4\u017eu napoveda\u0165 metad\u00e1ta a kontext, napr\u00edklad demografia postuj\u00faceho, jeho umiestnenie, \u010das \u010di sp\u00f4sob zapojenia \u013eud\u00ed na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach. Tieto prvky v\u0161ak nesta\u010dia na ods\u00fadenie hejtera. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 na pomoc moder\u00e1torovi pri h\u013eadan\u00ed hejtu v kope sena<\/strong>. Ten u\u017e nemus\u00ed vynalo\u017ei\u0165 to\u013eko \u010dasu a energie, ko\u013eko by mu zabralo \u010d\u00edtanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Ako proces nach\u00e1dzania hejtu m\u00f4\u017ee vyzera\u0165<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Pri najjednoduch\u0161\u00edch met\u00f3dach sa mo\u017eno pozrie\u0165 na zoznamy slov a fr\u00e1z, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v hejte<\/strong> \u2013 napr\u00edklad nad\u00e1vky. Tak\u00fdto sp\u00f4sob v\u0161ak nie je ve\u013emi efekt\u00edvny, lebo nad\u00e1vky nie v\u017edy znamenaj\u00fa hejt. Niekedy s\u00fa nad\u00e1vky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 aj v priate\u013eskom t\u00f3ne. A sofistikovanej\u0161\u00ed hejter si d\u00e1 pozor, aby tieto slov\u00e1 priamo nepou\u017eil. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie modely strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 hejt<\/strong> pomocou \u0161tatistick\u00fdch met\u00f3d<\/strong>. Prv\u00fdm a najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm predpokladom je dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00fd dataset hejtu, ozna\u010den\u00fd (anotovan\u00fd) odborn\u00edkmi. Modely sa na t\u00fdchto d\u00e1tach n\u00e1sledne nau\u010dia, ako hejt n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v inom texte. Funguj\u00fa tak, \u017ee v d\u00e1tach h\u013eadaj\u00fa opakuj\u00face sa vzorce<\/strong>. V\u0161\u00edmaj\u00fa si napr\u00edklad, ako \u010dasto sa nejak\u00e9 slov\u00e1 v texte nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. N\u00e1povedou je aj kvalita textu, napr\u00edklad jeho \u010ditate\u013enos\u0165. B\u00fdval\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r Google Eric Smidt sa vyjadril<\/a>, \u017ee u\u017e len kontrola gramatiky by dok\u00e1zala pom\u00f4c\u0165 identifikova\u0165 hejt. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 siete, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa in\u0161pirovan\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00fdm mozgom, dok\u00e1\u017eu n\u00e1js\u0165 aj vlastnosti textu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u013eudsk\u00e9mu oku skryt\u00e9. Probl\u00e9mom v\u0161ak b\u00fdva tieto strojov\u00e9 zistenia \u010dloveku<\/strong> vysvetli\u0165<\/strong>. Aj na tom v\u0161ak v\u00fdskumn\u00edci v oblasti umelej inteligencie pracuj\u00fa<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Aj vy budete m\u00f4c\u0165 AI pom\u00f4c\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 hejt <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Ako sme spomenuli, z\u00e1kladom pre automatick\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu hejtu s\u00fa kvalitn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, na ktor\u00fdch sa modely m\u00f4\u017eu u\u010di\u0165. Probl\u00e9mom v\u0161ak je, \u017ee neexistuje \u0161iroko etablovan\u00fd referen\u010dn\u00fd dataset hejtu, a u\u017e v\u00f4bec nie pre sloven\u010dinu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Vytvorili sme preto <\/strong>n\u00e1stroj<\/strong><\/a>, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017ee ktoko\u013evek nahl\u00e1si\u0165 hejt,<\/strong> \u010di in\u00e9 dezinform\u00e1cie alebo manipul\u00e1cie v sloven\u010dine. Sta\u010d\u00ed si nain\u0161talova\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edrenie do pre<\/a>hliada\u010da<\/a>. Spolu sa tak pok\u00fasime aspo\u0148 lok\u00e1lne nahradi\u0165 to, \u010do zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eal nasadi\u0165 samotn\u00fd Facebook. V roku 2018 Facebook toti\u017e n\u00e1hodou odhalil tla\u010didlo na nahl\u00e1senie hejtu<\/a>. \u017dia\u013e tento z\u00e1mer sa nikdy nedostal do produk\u010dn\u00e9ho nasadenia.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hejt nie je len obsah, ktor\u00fd negat\u00edvne vpl\u00fdva na atmosf\u00e9ru na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach. Ke\u010f\u017ee je namieren\u00fd proti ist\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m obyvate\u013estva, p\u00f4sob\u00ed zra\u0148uj\u00faco a prispieva k polariz\u00e1cii spolo\u010dnosti. V krajn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":17155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,88,349],"tags":[104,401,402],"class_list":["post-17160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-web-user-data-processing-sk","category-pop-science-sk","category-2022-sk","tag-cedmo-sk","tag-social-media-2-sk","tag-machine-learning-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAko dok\u00e1\u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia spozorova\u0165 hejt - KInIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Umel\u00e1 inteligencia, konkr\u00e9tne strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie, dok\u00e1\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 hejt v\u00a0kope sena nespo\u010d\u00edtate\u013en\u00e9ho mno\u017estva internetov\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kinit.sk\/sk\/ako-dokaze-umela-inteligencia-spozorovat-hejt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ako dok\u00e1\u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia spozorova\u0165 hejt - 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